<s>
In	O
computing	O
,	O
a	O
presentation	B-Application
program	I-Application
(	O
also	O
called	O
presentation	B-Application
software	I-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
software	O
package	O
used	O
to	O
display	O
information	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
slide	O
show	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Presentation	B-Application
software	I-Application
can	O
be	O
viewed	O
as	O
enabling	O
a	O
functionally-specific	O
category	O
of	O
electronic	O
media	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
own	O
distinct	O
culture	O
and	O
practices	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
traditional	O
presentation	O
media	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
blackboards	B-General_Concept
,	O
whiteboards	O
and	O
flip	O
charts	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
modern	O
meeting-rooms	O
and	O
conference	O
halls	O
are	O
configured	O
to	O
include	O
presentation	O
electronics	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
overhead	B-Device
projectors	I-Device
suitable	O
for	O
displaying	O
presentation	O
slides	O
,	O
often	O
driven	O
by	O
the	O
presenter	O
's	O
own	O
laptop	B-Device
,	O
under	O
direct	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
presentation	B-Application
program	I-Application
used	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
presentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Generally	O
in	O
presentations	O
,	O
the	O
visual	O
material	O
is	O
considered	O
supplemental	O
to	O
a	O
strong	O
aural	O
presentation	O
that	O
accompanies	O
the	O
slide	O
show	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
statistical	B-Application
graphics	I-Application
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
difficult	O
to	O
convey	O
essential	O
information	O
other	O
than	O
by	O
visual	O
means	O
;	O
additionally	O
,	O
a	O
well-designed	O
infographic	O
can	O
be	O
extremely	O
effective	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
words	O
are	O
not	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Endemic	O
over-reliance	O
on	O
slides	O
with	O
low	O
information	O
density	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
poor	O
accompanying	O
lecture	O
has	O
given	O
presentation	B-Application
software	I-Application
a	O
negative	O
reputation	O
as	O
sometimes	O
functioning	O
as	O
a	O
crutch	O
for	O
the	O
poorly	O
informed	O
or	O
the	O
poorly	O
prepared	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
these	O
programs	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
35mm	O
slides	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
presented	O
using	O
a	O
slide	B-Device
projector	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
these	O
programs	O
became	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
several	O
companies	O
set	O
up	O
services	O
that	O
would	O
accept	O
the	O
shows	O
on	O
diskette	B-Device
and	O
create	O
slides	O
using	O
a	O
film	O
recorder	O
or	O
print	O
transparencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
1990s	O
dedicated	O
LCD-based	O
screens	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
placed	O
on	O
the	O
projectors	O
started	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
transparencies	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
early	O
2000s	O
they	O
had	O
almost	O
all	O
been	O
replaced	O
by	O
video	B-Device
projectors	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
commercial	O
computer	O
software	O
specifically	O
intended	O
for	O
creating	O
WYSIWYG	O
presentations	O
was	O
developed	O
at	O
Hewlett	O
Packard	O
in	O
1979	O
and	O
called	O
BRUNO	B-Application
and	O
later	O
HP-Draw	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
microcomputer-based	O
presentation	B-Application
software	I-Application
was	O
Cromemco	O
's	O
Slidemaster	O
,	O
developed	O
by	O
John	O
F	O
.	O
Dunn	O
and	O
released	O
by	O
Cromemco	O
in	O
1981	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
software	O
displaying	O
a	O
presentation	O
on	O
a	O
personal	O
computer	O
screen	O
was	O
VCN	B-Protocol
ExecuVision	I-Protocol
,	O
developed	O
in	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Harvard	B-Protocol
Graphics	I-Protocol
was	O
introduced	O
for	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
and	O
Lotus	B-Operating_System
Freelance	I-Operating_System
Graphics	I-Operating_System
was	O
introduced	O
for	O
DOS	O
and	O
OS/2	B-Application
in	O
1986	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
was	O
introduced	O
for	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
computer	I-Device
in	O
1987	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
presentation	B-Application
program	I-Application
is	O
supposed	O
to	O
help	O
both	O
the	O
speaker	O
with	O
an	O
easier	O
access	O
to	O
his	O
ideas	O
and	O
the	O
participants	O
with	O
visual	O
information	O
which	O
complements	O
the	O
talk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Presentation	B-Application
programs	I-Application
can	O
either	O
supplement	O
or	O
replace	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
older	O
visual-aid	O
technology	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
pamphlets	O
,	O
handouts	O
,	O
chalkboards	O
,	O
flip	O
charts	O
,	O
posters	O
,	O
slides	O
and	O
overhead	O
transparencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
slide	O
"	O
analogy	O
is	O
a	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
slide	B-Device
projector	I-Device
,	O
a	O
device	O
that	O
has	O
become	O
somewhat	O
obsolete	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
presentation	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
presentation	B-Application
programs	I-Application
come	O
with	O
pre-designed	O
images	O
(	O
clip	O
art	O
)	O
and/or	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
import	O
graphic	O
images	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Visio	O
and	O
Edraw	B-Protocol
Max	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
tools	O
also	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
search	O
and	O
import	O
images	O
from	O
Flickr	B-Algorithm
or	O
Google	B-Application
directly	O
from	O
the	O
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Custom	O
graphics	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
created	O
in	O
other	O
programs	O
such	O
as	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Photoshop	I-Operating_System
or	O
GIMP	B-Application
and	O
then	O
exported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
of	O
clip	O
art	O
originated	O
with	O
the	O
image	O
library	O
that	O
came	O
as	O
a	O
complement	O
with	O
VCN	B-Protocol
ExecuVision	I-Protocol
,	O
beginning	O
in	O
1983	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
growth	O
of	O
digital	B-Application
photography	I-Application
and	O
video	O
,	O
many	O
programs	O
that	O
handle	O
these	O
types	O
of	O
media	O
also	O
include	O
presentation	O
functions	O
for	O
displaying	O
them	O
in	O
a	O
similar	O
"	O
slide	O
show	O
"	O
format	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
iPhoto	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
programs	O
allow	O
groups	O
of	O
digital	B-Application
photos	I-Application
to	O
be	O
displayed	O
in	O
a	O
slide	O
show	O
with	O
options	O
such	O
as	O
selecting	O
transitions	O
,	O
choosing	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
the	O
show	O
stops	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
or	O
continues	O
to	O
loop	O
,	O
and	O
including	O
music	O
to	O
accompany	O
the	O
photos	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
to	O
programming	O
extensions	O
for	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
or	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
,	O
"	O
add	O
ons	O
"	O
or	O
plugins	B-Application
for	O
presentation	B-Application
programs	I-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
enhance	O
their	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Presentation	B-Application
programs	I-Application
also	O
offer	O
an	O
interactive	O
integrated	O
hardware	O
element	O
designed	O
to	O
engage	O
an	O
audience	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
web	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hardware	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
laser	O
pointers	O
and	O
interactive	B-Application
whiteboards	I-Application
can	O
ease	O
the	O
job	O
of	O
a	O
live	O
presenter	O
.	O
</s>
