<s>
Predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
is	O
an	O
input	B-General_Concept
technology	I-General_Concept
used	O
where	O
one	O
key	O
or	O
button	O
represents	O
many	O
letters	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
on	O
the	O
numeric	O
keypads	O
of	O
mobile	O
phones	O
and	O
in	O
accessibility	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
could	O
allow	O
for	O
an	O
entire	O
word	O
to	O
be	O
input	O
by	O
single	O
keypress	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
makes	O
efficient	O
use	O
of	O
fewer	O
device	O
keys	O
to	O
input	O
writing	O
into	O
a	O
text	B-Device
message	I-Device
,	O
an	O
e-mail	O
,	O
an	O
address	B-Operating_System
book	I-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
calendar	B-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
like	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
,	O
general	O
,	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
systems	O
are	O
T9	B-General_Concept
,	O
iTap	O
,	O
eZiText	O
,	O
and	O
LetterWise/WordWise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
many	O
ways	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
device	O
that	O
predicts	O
text	O
,	O
but	O
all	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
systems	O
have	O
initial	O
linguistic	O
settings	O
that	O
offer	O
predictions	O
that	O
are	O
re-prioritized	O
to	O
adapt	O
to	O
each	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
systems	O
have	O
a	O
user	O
database	O
to	O
facilitate	O
this	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Theoretically	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
keystrokes	O
required	O
per	O
desired	O
character	O
in	O
the	O
finished	O
writing	O
is	O
,	O
on	O
average	O
,	O
comparable	O
to	O
using	O
a	O
keyboard	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
theoretical	O
keystrokes	O
per	O
character	O
,	O
KSPC	O
,	O
of	O
a	O
keyboard	B-Device
is	O
KSPC	O
=	O
1.00	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
multi-tap	O
is	O
KSPC	O
=	O
2.03	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
choice	O
of	O
which	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
system	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
to	O
use	O
involves	O
matching	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
preferred	O
interface	O
style	O
,	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
level	O
of	O
learned	O
ability	O
to	O
operate	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
software	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
efficiency	O
goal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
various	O
levels	O
of	O
risk	O
in	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
systems	O
,	O
versus	O
multi-tap	O
systems	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
predicted	O
text	O
that	O
is	O
automatically	O
written	O
that	O
provide	O
the	O
speed	O
and	O
mechanical	O
efficiency	O
benefit	O
,	O
could	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
user	O
is	O
not	O
careful	O
to	O
review	O
,	O
result	O
in	O
transmitting	O
misinformation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
systems	O
take	O
time	O
to	O
learn	O
to	O
use	O
well	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
generally	O
,	O
a	O
device	O
's	O
system	O
has	O
user	O
options	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
the	O
choice	O
of	O
multi-tap	O
or	O
of	O
any	O
one	O
of	O
several	O
schools	O
of	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
methods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Short	O
message	O
service	O
(	O
SMS	B-Device
)	O
permits	O
a	O
mobile	O
phone	O
user	O
to	O
send	O
text	O
messages	O
(	O
also	O
called	O
messages	O
,	O
SMSes	O
,	O
texts	O
,	O
and	O
txts	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
short	O
message	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
common	O
system	O
of	O
SMS	B-Device
text	O
input	O
is	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
multi-tap	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
ideal	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
entry	I-General_Concept
,	O
all	O
words	O
used	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
dictionary	B-Operating_System
,	O
punctuation	O
is	O
ignored	O
,	O
no	O
spelling	O
mistakes	O
are	O
made	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
typing	O
mistakes	O
are	O
made	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ideal	O
dictionary	B-Operating_System
would	O
include	O
all	O
slang	O
,	O
proper	O
nouns	O
,	O
abbreviations	O
,	O
URLs	O
,	O
foreign-language	O
words	O
and	O
other	O
user-unique	O
words	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
ideal	O
circumstance	O
gives	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
software	O
the	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
key	O
strokes	O
a	O
user	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
enter	O
a	O
word	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
presses	O
the	O
number	O
corresponding	O
to	O
each	O
letter	O
and	O
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
word	O
exists	O
in	O
the	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
dictionary	B-Operating_System
,	O
or	O
is	O
correctly	O
disambiguated	O
by	O
non-dictionary	O
systems	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
appear	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
systems	O
of	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
are	O
Tegic	O
's	O
T9	B-General_Concept
,	O
Motorola	O
's	O
iTap	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Eatoni	O
Ergonomics	O
 '	O
LetterWise	O
and	O
WordWise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
T9	B-General_Concept
and	O
iTap	O
use	O
dictionaries	B-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
Eatoni	O
Ergonomics	O
 '	O
products	O
uses	O
a	O
disambiguation	O
process	O
,	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
statistical	O
rules	O
to	O
recreate	O
words	O
from	O
keystroke	O
sequences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
systems	O
require	O
a	O
linguistic	O
database	O
for	O
every	O
supported	O
input	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Traditional	O
disambiguation	O
works	O
by	O
referencing	O
a	O
dictionary	B-Operating_System
of	O
commonly	O
used	O
words	O
,	O
though	O
Eatoni	O
offers	O
a	O
dictionaryless	O
disambiguation	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
dictionary-based	O
systems	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
user	O
presses	O
the	O
number	O
buttons	O
,	O
an	O
algorithm	O
searches	O
the	O
dictionary	B-Operating_System
for	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
possible	O
words	O
that	O
match	O
the	O
keypress	O
combination	O
,	O
and	O
offers	O
up	O
the	O
most	O
probable	O
choice	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
non-dictionary	O
system	O
constructs	O
words	O
and	O
other	O
sequences	O
of	O
letters	O
from	O
the	O
statistics	O
of	O
word	O
parts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1951	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	O
typesetter	O
Zhang	O
Jiying	O
arranged	O
Chinese	O
characters	O
in	O
associative	O
clusters	O
,	O
a	O
precursor	O
of	O
modern	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
entry	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
broke	O
speed	O
records	O
by	O
doing	O
so	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
was	O
mainly	O
used	O
to	O
look	O
up	O
names	O
in	O
directories	O
over	O
the	O
phone	O
,	O
until	O
mobile	O
phone	O
text	O
messaging	O
came	O
into	O
widespread	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meanwhile	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
phone	O
with	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
,	O
they	O
need	O
only	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
dictionary-based	O
predictive	O
system	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
hope	O
that	O
the	O
desired	O
word	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
dictionary	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
simple	O
dictionary	B-Operating_System
approach	O
fails	O
with	O
agglutinative	O
languages	O
,	O
where	O
a	O
single	O
word	O
does	O
not	O
necessarily	O
represent	O
a	O
single	O
semantic	O
entity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
is	O
developed	O
and	O
marketed	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
competing	O
products	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Nuance	O
Communications	O
's	O
T9	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
products	O
include	O
Motorola	O
's	O
iTap	O
,	O
Eatoni	O
Ergonomic	O
's	O
LetterWise	O
(	O
character	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
word-based	O
prediction	O
)	O
,	O
WordWise	O
(	O
word-based	O
prediction	O
without	O
a	O
dictionary	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
EQ3	O
(	O
a	O
QWERTY-like	O
layout	O
compatible	O
with	O
regular	O
telephone	O
keypads	O
)	O
;	O
Prevalent	O
Devices	O
's	O
Phraze-It	O
;	O
Xrgomics	O
 '	O
TenGO	O
(	O
a	O
six-key	O
reduced	O
QWERTY	O
keyboard	B-Device
system	O
)	O
;	O
Adaptxt	B-Application
(	O
considers	O
language	O
,	O
context	O
,	O
grammar	O
and	O
semantics	O
)	O
;	O
(	O
a	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
typing	I-General_Concept
software	O
for	O
Windows	O
)	O
;	O
Clevertexting	O
(	O
statistical	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
language	O
,	O
dictionaryless	O
,	O
dynamic	O
key	O
allocation	O
)	O
;	O
and	O
Oizea	O
Type	O
(	O
temporal	O
ambiguity	O
)	O
;	O
Intelab	O
's	O
Tauto	O
;	O
WordLogic	O
's	O
Intelligent	O
Input	O
Platform™	O
(	O
patented	O
,	O
layer-based	O
advanced	O
text	O
prediction	O
,	O
includes	O
multi-language	O
dictionary	B-Operating_System
,	O
spell-check	B-Application
,	O
built-in	O
Web	O
search	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Words	O
produced	O
by	O
the	O
same	O
combination	O
of	O
keypresses	O
have	O
been	O
called	O
"	O
textonyms	O
"	O
;	O
also	O
"	O
txtonyms	O
"	O
;	O
or	O
"	O
T9onyms	B-General_Concept
"	O
(	O
pronounced	O
"	O
tynonyms	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
though	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
specific	O
to	O
T9	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
choosing	O
a	O
default	O
different	O
from	O
that	O
which	O
the	O
user	O
expects	O
has	O
similarities	O
with	O
the	O
Cupertino	O
effect	O
,	O
by	O
which	O
spell-check	B-Application
software	I-Application
changes	O
a	O
spelling	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
an	O
unintended	O
word	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Textonyms	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
as	O
Millennial	O
slang	O
;	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
word	O
book	O
to	O
mean	O
cool	O
,	O
since	O
book	O
is	O
the	O
default	O
in	O
those	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
systems	O
that	O
assume	O
it	O
is	O
more	O
frequent	O
than	O
cool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Textonyms	O
are	O
not	O
the	O
only	O
issue	O
limiting	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
implementations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
may	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
respond	O
with	O
Blairf	O
upon	O
input	O
of	O
252473	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
intended	O
word	O
was	O
Blaise	O
or	O
Claire	O
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
correspond	O
to	O
the	O
keystroke	O
sequence	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
not	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
example	O
,	O
found	O
by	O
the	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
text	I-General_Concept
system	O
.	O
</s>
