<s>
The	O
Predictive	B-Application
Model	I-Application
Markup	I-Application
Language	I-Application
(	O
PMML	B-Application
)	O
is	O
an	O
XML-based	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
model	I-General_Concept
interchange	O
format	O
conceived	O
by	O
Dr.	O
Robert	O
Lee	O
Grossman	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
National	O
Center	O
for	O
Data	B-Application
Mining	I-Application
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
at	O
Chicago	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PMML	B-Application
provides	O
a	O
way	O
for	O
analytic	O
applications	O
to	O
describe	O
and	O
exchange	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
models	I-General_Concept
produced	O
by	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
and	O
machine	O
learning	O
algorithms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supports	O
common	O
models	O
such	O
as	O
logistic	O
regression	O
and	O
other	O
feedforward	B-Algorithm
neural	I-Algorithm
networks	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Subsequent	O
versions	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Data	B-Application
Mining	I-Application
Group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
PMML	B-Application
is	O
an	O
XML-based	O
standard	O
,	O
the	O
specification	O
comes	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
schema	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PMML	B-Application
itself	O
is	O
a	O
mature	O
standard	O
with	O
over	O
30	O
organizations	O
having	O
announced	O
products	O
supporting	O
PMML	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
PMML	B-Application
file	O
can	O
be	O
described	O
by	O
the	O
following	O
components	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Header	B-General_Concept
:	O
contains	O
general	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
PMML	B-Application
document	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
copyright	O
information	O
for	O
the	O
model	B-General_Concept
,	O
its	O
description	O
,	O
and	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
application	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
the	O
model	B-General_Concept
such	O
as	O
name	O
and	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
contains	O
an	O
attribute	O
for	O
a	O
timestamp	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
specify	O
the	O
date	O
of	O
model	B-General_Concept
creation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
:	O
contains	O
definitions	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
possible	O
fields	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
model	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-General_Concept
Transformations	I-General_Concept
:	O
transformations	O
allow	O
for	O
the	O
mapping	O
of	O
user	O
data	O
into	O
a	O
more	O
desirable	O
form	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
mining	O
model	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
PMML	B-Application
defines	O
several	O
kinds	O
of	O
simple	O
data	B-General_Concept
transformations	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Model	B-General_Concept
:	O
contains	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
the	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
model	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
E.g.	O
,	O
A	O
multi-layered	O
feedforward	B-Algorithm
neural	I-Algorithm
network	I-Algorithm
is	O
represented	O
in	O
PMML	B-Application
by	O
a	O
"	O
NeuralNetwork	O
"	O
element	O
which	O
contains	O
attributes	O
such	O
as	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
information	O
is	O
then	O
followed	O
by	O
three	O
kinds	O
of	O
neural	O
layers	O
which	O
specify	O
the	O
architecture	O
of	O
the	O
neural	O
network	O
model	B-General_Concept
being	O
represented	O
in	O
the	O
PMML	B-Application
document	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
neural	O
networks	O
,	O
PMML	B-Application
allows	O
for	O
the	O
representation	O
of	O
many	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
models	O
including	O
support	B-Algorithm
vector	I-Algorithm
machines	I-Algorithm
,	O
association	B-Algorithm
rules	I-Algorithm
,	O
Naive	B-General_Concept
Bayes	I-General_Concept
classifier	I-General_Concept
,	O
clustering	O
models	O
,	O
text	B-Algorithm
models	I-Algorithm
,	O
decision	B-Algorithm
trees	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
different	O
regression	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mining	O
Schema	O
:	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
all	O
fields	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
model	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
fields	O
as	O
defined	O
in	O
the	O
data	B-Application
dictionary	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Usage	O
type	O
(	O
attribute	O
usageType	O
)	O
:	O
defines	O
the	O
way	O
a	O
field	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
model	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Predicted	O
fields	O
are	O
those	O
whose	O
values	O
are	O
predicted	O
by	O
the	O
model	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
PMML	B-Application
,	O
outliers	O
can	O
be	O
treated	O
as	O
missing	O
values	O
,	O
as	O
extreme	O
values	O
(	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
high	O
and	O
low	O
values	O
for	O
a	O
particular	O
field	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
as	O
is	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Targets	O
:	O
allows	O
for	O
post-processing	O
of	O
the	O
predicted	O
value	O
in	O
the	O
format	O
of	O
scaling	O
if	O
the	O
output	O
of	O
the	O
model	B-General_Concept
is	O
continuous	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Output	O
:	O
this	O
element	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
name	O
all	O
the	O
desired	O
output	O
fields	O
expected	O
from	O
the	O
model	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
release	O
of	O
PMML	B-Application
,	O
PMML	B-Application
4.1	O
,	O
extended	O
Output	O
to	O
allow	O
for	O
generic	O
post-processing	O
of	O
model	B-General_Concept
outputs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
PMML	B-Application
4.1	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
built-in	O
and	O
custom	O
functions	O
that	O
were	O
originally	O
available	O
only	O
for	O
pre-processing	O
became	O
available	O
for	O
post-processing	O
too	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PMML	B-Application
4.0	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
June	O
16	O
,	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Time	O
Series	O
Models	O
:	O
New	O
exponential	O
Smoothing	B-Application
models	O
;	O
also	O
place	O
holders	O
for	O
ARIMA	O
,	O
Seasonal	O
Trend	O
Decomposition	O
,	O
and	O
Spectral	O
density	O
estimation	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
to	O
be	O
supported	O
in	O
the	O
near	O
future	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Model	B-General_Concept
Explanation	O
:	O
Saving	O
of	O
evaluation	O
and	O
model	B-General_Concept
performance	O
measures	O
to	O
the	O
PMML	B-Application
file	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiple	O
Models	O
:	O
Capabilities	O
for	O
model	B-General_Concept
composition	O
,	O
ensembles	O
,	O
and	O
segmentation	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
combining	O
of	O
regression	O
and	O
decision	B-Algorithm
trees	I-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Extensions	O
of	O
Existing	O
Elements	O
:	O
Addition	O
of	O
multi-class	B-General_Concept
classification	I-General_Concept
for	O
Support	B-Algorithm
Vector	I-Algorithm
Machines	I-Algorithm
,	O
improved	O
representation	O
for	O
Association	B-Algorithm
Rules	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
Cox	O
Regression	O
Models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PMML	B-Application
4.1	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
December	O
31	O
,	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
model	B-General_Concept
elements	O
for	O
representing	O
Scorecards	O
,	O
k-Nearest	B-General_Concept
Neighbors	I-General_Concept
(	O
KNN	B-General_Concept
)	O
and	O
Baseline	O
Models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
PMML	B-Application
4.1	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
element	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
represent	O
model	B-General_Concept
segmentation	O
,	O
ensemble	O
,	O
and	O
chaining	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
new	O
attribute	O
that	O
identifies	O
for	O
each	O
model	B-General_Concept
element	O
if	O
the	O
model	B-General_Concept
is	O
ready	O
or	O
not	O
for	O
production	O
deployment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PMML	B-Application
4.2	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
February	O
28	O
,	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PMML	B-Application
4.3	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
August	O
23	O
,	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
Model	B-General_Concept
Types	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Data	B-Application
Mining	I-Application
Group	O
also	O
developed	O
a	O
standard	O
called	O
Portable	B-Application
Format	I-Application
for	I-Application
Analytics	I-Application
,	O
or	O
PFA	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
complementary	O
to	O
PMML	B-Application
.	O
</s>
