<s>
PredPol	B-General_Concept
,	O
Inc	O
,	O
now	O
known	O
as	O
Geolitica	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
predictive	O
policing	O
company	O
that	O
attempts	O
to	O
predict	O
property	O
crimes	O
using	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
PredPol	B-General_Concept
is	O
also	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
the	O
company	O
produces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PredPol	B-General_Concept
began	O
as	O
a	O
project	O
of	O
the	O
Los	O
Angeles	O
Police	O
Department	O
(	O
LAPD	O
)	O
and	O
UCLA	O
professor	O
Jeff	O
Brantingham	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PredPol	B-General_Concept
has	O
produced	O
a	O
patented	O
algorithm	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
model	O
used	O
to	O
predict	O
earthquake	O
aftershocks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2020	O
,	O
PredPol	B-General_Concept
's	O
algorithm	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
used	O
predictive	O
policing	O
algorithm	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Police	O
departments	O
that	O
use	O
PredPol	B-General_Concept
are	O
given	O
printouts	O
of	O
jurisdiction	O
maps	O
that	O
denote	O
areas	O
where	O
crime	O
has	O
been	O
predicted	O
to	O
occur	O
throughout	O
the	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scholar	O
Ruha	O
Benjamin	O
called	O
PredPol	B-General_Concept
a	O
"	O
crime	O
production	O
algorithm	O
,	O
"	O
as	O
police	O
officers	O
then	O
more	O
heavily	O
patrol	O
these	O
predicted	O
crime	O
zones	O
,	O
expecting	O
to	O
see	O
crime	O
,	O
which	O
leads	O
to	O
a	O
self-fulfilling	O
prophecy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PredPol	B-General_Concept
was	O
created	O
in	O
2010	O
and	O
was	O
a	O
leading	O
vendor	O
of	O
predictive	O
policing	O
technology	O
by	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Smithsonian	O
magazine	O
remarked	O
in	O
2018	O
that	O
no	O
independent	O
published	O
research	O
had	O
ever	O
confirmed	O
PredPol	B-General_Concept
's	O
claims	O
of	O
its	O
software	O
's	O
accuracy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
LAPD	O
's	O
internal	O
audit	O
concluded	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
insufficient	O
data	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
PredPol	B-General_Concept
software	O
helped	O
reduce	O
crime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2018	O
Cory	O
Doctorow	O
described	O
the	O
secrecy	O
around	O
identifying	O
which	O
police	O
departments	O
use	O
PredPol	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
PredPol	B-General_Concept
does	O
not	O
share	O
this	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2019	O
Vice	O
followed	O
up	O
to	O
report	O
that	O
many	O
police	O
departments	O
secretly	O
use	O
PredPol	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
PredPol	B-General_Concept
in	O
2019	O
,	O
60	O
police	O
departments	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	O
used	O
PredPol	B-General_Concept
,	O
most	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
mid-size	O
agencies	O
of	O
100	O
to	O
200	O
officers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
,	O
several	O
cities	O
reported	O
cancelling	O
PredPol	B-General_Concept
contracts	O
due	O
to	O
cost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
Mic	O
reported	O
that	O
PredPol	B-General_Concept
inappropriately	O
directs	O
police	O
to	O
minority	O
neighborhoods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
Los	O
Angeles	O
Police	O
Department	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
oldest	O
customers	O
of	O
PredPol	B-General_Concept
,	O
ended	O
its	O
program	O
without	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
measure	O
its	O
effectiveness	O
in	O
reducing	O
crime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2021	O
,	O
a	O
report	O
was	O
published	O
by	O
Gizmodo	O
and	O
The	O
Markup	O
indicating	O
that	O
PredPol	B-General_Concept
perpetuated	O
racial	O
biases	O
by	O
targeting	O
Latino	O
and	O
Black	O
neighborhoods	O
,	O
while	O
crime	O
predictions	O
for	O
white	O
middle	O
-	O
to	O
upper-class	O
areas	O
were	O
absent	O
.	O
</s>
