<s>
Pre-installed	B-Application
software	I-Application
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
bundled	O
software	O
)	O
is	O
software	O
already	O
installed	B-Application
and	O
licensed	B-License
on	O
a	O
computer	O
or	O
smartphone	B-Application
bought	O
from	O
an	O
original	O
equipment	O
manufacturer	O
(	O
OEM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operating	O
system	O
is	O
usually	O
factory-installed	O
,	O
but	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
general	O
requirement	O
,	O
this	O
term	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
additional	O
software	O
apart	O
from	O
the	O
bare	O
necessary	O
amount	O
,	O
usually	O
from	O
other	O
sources	O
(	O
or	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
vendor	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unwanted	B-Application
factory-installed	I-Application
software	I-Application
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
crapware	B-Application
or	O
bloatware	O
)	O
can	O
include	O
major	O
security	O
vulnerabilities	O
,	O
like	O
Superfish	O
,	O
which	O
installs	O
a	O
root	B-Protocol
certificate	I-Protocol
to	O
inject	O
advertising	O
into	O
encrypted	O
Google	O
search	O
pages	O
,	O
but	O
leaves	O
computers	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
serious	O
cyberattacks	O
that	O
breach	O
the	O
security	O
used	O
in	O
banking	O
and	O
finance	O
websites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
"	O
free	O
download	O
"	O
websites	O
use	O
unwanted	B-Application
software	I-Application
bundling	I-Application
that	O
similarly	O
installs	O
unwanted	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Often	O
new	O
PCs	O
come	O
with	O
factory-installed	O
software	O
which	O
the	O
manufacturer	O
was	O
paid	O
to	O
include	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
of	O
dubious	O
value	O
to	O
the	O
purchaser	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Microsoft	O
executive	O
mentioned	O
that	O
within	O
the	O
company	O
these	O
applications	O
were	O
dubbed	O
craplets	O
(	O
a	O
portmanteau	O
of	O
crap	O
and	O
applet	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
experience	O
of	O
people	O
buying	O
a	O
new	O
Windows	O
computer	O
can	O
be	O
damaged	O
by	O
poorly	O
designed	O
,	O
uncertified	O
third-party	O
applications	O
installed	B-Application
by	O
vendors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
antitrust	O
case	O
against	O
Microsoft	O
prevented	O
the	O
company	O
from	O
stopping	O
the	O
pre-installation	B-Application
of	O
these	O
programs	O
by	O
OEMs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
2007	O
Consumer	O
Electronics	O
Show	O
,	O
Dell	O
defended	O
this	O
practice	O
,	O
stating	O
that	O
it	O
keeps	O
costs	O
down	O
,	O
and	O
implying	O
that	O
systems	O
might	O
cost	O
significantly	O
more	O
to	O
the	O
end	O
user	O
if	O
these	O
programs	O
were	O
not	O
factory-installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
system	O
vendors	O
and	O
retailers	O
will	O
offer	O
,	O
for	O
an	O
additional	O
charge	O
,	O
to	O
remove	O
unwanted	B-Application
factory-installed	I-Application
software	I-Application
from	O
a	O
newly	O
purchased	O
computer	O
;	O
retailers	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
will	O
tout	O
this	O
service	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
performance	O
improvement.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	O
phones	O
typically	O
come	O
with	O
factory-installed	O
software	O
provided	O
by	O
its	O
manufacturer	O
or	O
mobile	O
network	O
operator	O
;	O
similarly	O
to	O
their	O
PC	O
equivalents	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
sometimes	O
tied	O
to	O
account	O
management	O
or	O
other	O
premium	O
services	O
offered	O
by	O
the	O
provider	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
practice	O
was	O
extended	O
to	O
smartphones	B-Application
via	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
as	O
carriers	O
often	O
bundle	O
apps	B-Application
provided	O
by	O
themselves	O
and	O
third-party	O
developers	O
with	O
the	O
device	O
and	O
,	O
furthermore	O
,	O
install	O
them	O
into	O
the	O
System	O
partition	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
cannot	O
be	O
completely	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
device	O
without	O
performing	O
unsupported	O
modifications	O
to	O
its	O
firmware	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
rooting	B-Application
)	O
first	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
these	O
apps	B-Application
may	O
run	O
in	O
the	O
background	O
,	O
consuming	O
battery	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
also	O
duplicate	O
functionality	O
already	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
phone	O
itself	O
;	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
Verizon	B-Application
Wireless	I-Application
has	O
bundled	O
phones	O
with	O
a	O
redundant	O
text	O
messaging	O
app	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
Messages+	O
"	O
(	O
which	O
is	O
set	O
as	O
the	O
default	O
text	O
messaging	O
program	O
in	O
lieu	O
of	O
the	O
stock	O
messaging	O
app	O
included	O
within	O
the	O
OS	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
VZ	O
Navigator	O
(	O
a	O
subscription	O
service	O
redundant	O
to	O
the	O
free	O
Google	B-Application
Maps	I-Application
service	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
apps	B-Application
bundled	O
by	O
OEMs	O
may	O
also	O
include	O
special	O
system-level	O
permissions	B-Application
that	O
bypass	O
those	O
normally	O
enforced	O
by	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
4.0	I-Application
attempted	O
to	O
address	O
these	O
issues	O
by	O
allowing	O
users	O
to	O
"	O
disable	O
"	O
apps	B-Application
—	O
which	O
hides	O
them	O
from	O
application	O
menus	O
and	O
prevents	O
them	O
from	O
running	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
5.0	I-Application
began	O
to	O
allow	O
carrier	O
apps	B-Application
to	O
be	O
automatically	O
downloaded	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
Store	I-Application
during	O
initial	O
device	O
setup	O
instead	O
;	O
they	O
are	O
installed	B-Application
the	O
same	O
way	O
as	O
user-downloaded	O
apps	B-Application
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
uninstalled	O
normally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
Apple	O
does	O
not	O
allow	O
operators	O
to	O
customize	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
in	O
this	O
manner	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
has	O
faced	O
criticism	O
for	O
including	O
an	O
increasing	O
number	O
of	O
factory-installed	O
apps	B-Application
in	O
iOS	O
that	O
cannot	O
be	O
removed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2014	O
,	O
South	O
Korea	O
implemented	O
new	O
regulatory	O
guidelines	O
for	O
the	O
mobile	O
phone	O
industry	O
,	O
requiring	O
non-essential	O
apps	B-Application
bundled	O
on	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
to	O
be	O
user-removable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
Russia	O
passed	O
a	O
law	O
effective	O
1	O
July	O
2020	O
,	O
which	O
requires	O
that	O
specific	O
types	O
of	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
devices	O
be	O
factory-installed	O
with	O
applications	O
developed	O
by	O
Russian	O
vendors	O
.	O
</s>
