<s>
Pravetz	B-Device
computers	I-Device
(	O
in	O
Bulgarian	O
shortly	O
:	O
Правец	O
)	O
are	O
the	O
Bulgarian	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
produced	O
from	O
1979	O
that	O
were	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
scientific	O
organizations	O
and	O
schools	O
until	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pravets	O
are	O
actually	O
the	O
first	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
in	O
Bulgaria	O
,	O
although	O
before	O
that	O
,	O
various	O
types	O
of	O
large	O
computer-computing	O
systems	O
were	O
used	O
,	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
rooms	O
(	O
60-70	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
even	O
lamp	O
computers	O
before	O
that	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
Pravet	O
computers	O
specifies	O
that	O
these	O
are	O
Personal	B-Device
Computers	I-Device
"	O
made	O
"	O
(	O
in	O
Bulgarian	O
language	O
:	O
правя	O
,	O
pravja	O
)	O
in	O
Bulgaria	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pravetz	B-Device
computers	I-Device
are	O
still	O
in	O
use	O
in	O
some	O
schools	O
for	O
beginner	O
students	O
in	O
computing	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
adapted	O
in	O
manufacturing	O
for	O
educational	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
early	O
Bulgarian-made	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
was	O
IMKO-1	B-Device
(	O
its	O
name	O
resembles	O
Bulgarian	O
name	O
ELKA	O
(	O
short	O
name	O
for	O
ELektronen	O
KAlkulator	O
,	O
cirillic	O
ЕЛКА	O
ЕЛектронен	O
КАлкулатор	O
)	O
or	O
calculator	O
,	O
yet	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
state	O
manufactured	O
Personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
points	O
to	O
its	O
production	O
as	O
a	O
PC	O
or	O
Pravetz	B-Device
Computers	I-Device
( правя	O
,	O
pravja	O
-	O
make	O
,	O
manufacture	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
prototype	O
of	O
the	O
Pravetz	B-Device
computers	I-Device
that	O
were	O
developed	O
by	O
engineer	O
Ivan	O
Vassilev	O
Marangozov	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
rightfully	O
accused	O
of	O
cloning	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
fact	O
,	O
IMKO-1	B-Device
was	O
a	O
nearly	O
identical	O
clone	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
Apple	B-Device
2	I-Device
with	O
a	O
few	O
minor	O
exceptions	O
-	O
case	O
,	O
keyboard	B-Device
,	O
character	O
table	O
(	O
the	O
lower	O
case	O
Latin	O
alphabet	O
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
Cyrillic	O
upper	O
case	O
)	O
and	O
power	O
supply	O
(	O
early	O
models	O
used	O
bulky	O
and	O
heavy	O
linear	O
power	O
supplies	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
line	O
of	O
Bulgarian	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
release	O
was	O
prohibitively	O
expensive	O
for	O
individuals	O
and	O
in	O
addition	O
were	O
only	O
sold	O
to	O
different	O
government	O
institutions	O
-	O
educational	O
sector	O
,	O
military	O
and	O
administrative	O
sector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pravetz	B-Device
computers	I-Device
were	O
of	O
major	O
importance	O
in	O
the	O
economy	O
of	O
the	O
Comecon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Except	O
for	O
the	O
Oric-derived	O
8D	O
(	O
and	O
possibly	O
the	O
IMKO-1	B-Device
)	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
Pravetz	O
8-bit	O
systems	O
are	O
largely	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
popular	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
and	O
its	O
successors	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
that	O
they	O
offer	O
Cyrillic	O
fonts	O
and	O
some	O
other	O
improvements	O
compared	O
to	O
Apple	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
Pravetz	O
were	O
IMKO-1	B-Device
(	O
IMKO-2	O
)	O
—	O
According	O
to	O
some	O
computer	O
users	O
,	O
IMKO	O
was	O
the	O
very	O
First	O
Bulgarian	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
,	O
its	O
name	O
resembles	O
the	O
ELKA	O
name	O
for	O
calculator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
used	O
a	O
clone	O
of	O
the	O
MOS	B-General_Concept
Technology	I-General_Concept
6502	I-General_Concept
CPU	O
running	O
at	O
1MHz	O
and	O
16/4	O
KB	O
of	O
RAM/ROM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ROM	O
was	O
an	O
exact	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
2	I-Device
ROM	O
(	O
the	O
only	O
change	O
was	O
the	O
name	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pravetz	O
82	O
-	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
Pravetz	B-Device
Computers	I-Device
,	O
PC	O
,	O
that	O
were	O
named	O
so	O
to	O
be	O
clear	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
Personal	B-Device
Computers	I-Device
,	O
PC	O
in	O
Bulgaria	O
)	O
,	O
82	O
is	O
the	O
model	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BASIC	O
interpreter	O
,	O
RAM/ROM	O
-	O
48/12	O
KB	O
;	O
CPU	O
Synertek	O
6502	B-General_Concept
/1MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
had	O
yellow	O
plastic	O
case	O
and	O
black	O
keyboards	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
ROM	O
and	O
schematics	O
were	O
not	O
changed	O
and	O
were	O
identical	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pravetz	O
82	O
was	O
relatively	O
reliable	O
-	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
hardware	B-Architecture
problems	O
were	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
widespread	O
use	O
of	O
sub-standard	O
quality	O
IC	O
sockets	O
,	O
mainly	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
DRAM	O
chips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pravetz	O
8М	O
-	O
Integrated	O
second	O
CPU	O
Zilog	B-General_Concept
Z80A	I-General_Concept
at	O
4MHz	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
run	O
CP/M	B-Application
and	O
its	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
essentially	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
Apple	O
II+	O
with	O
the	O
optional	O
CP/M	B-Application
card	O
integrated	O
on	O
the	O
motherboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
had	O
64K	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
on-board	O
,	O
a	O
switching	O
power	O
supply	O
and	O
an	O
off-white	O
plastic	O
case	O
with	O
an	O
improved	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
keyboard	B-Device
was	O
improved	O
with	O
arrow	O
buttons	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Char	O
table	O
included	O
Cyrillic	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	O
case	O
symbols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
128	O
KB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
integrated	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
expandable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pravetz	O
8D	O
-	O
8	O
bit	O
home	O
computer	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
6502	B-General_Concept
and	O
VIA	O
6522	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Standard	O
RAM	B-Architecture
256KB	O
or	O
512KB	O
expandable	O
to	O
640KB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pravetz-16ES	O
(	O
variations	O
as	O
a	O
desktop	O
or	O
tower	B-General_Concept
box	O
)	O
-	O
Featured	O
the	O
80186	O
processor	O
at	O
8MHz	O
.	O
</s>
