<s>
The	O
PowerPC	B-General_Concept
970	I-General_Concept
,	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
970FX	O
,	O
and	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
970MP	B-General_Concept
are	O
64-bit	B-Device
PowerPC	B-Architecture
processors	I-Architecture
from	O
IBM	O
introduced	O
in	O
2002	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
used	O
in	O
PowerPC-based	O
Macintosh	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
Apple	O
referred	O
to	O
them	O
as	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-General_Concept
G5	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
went	O
under	O
the	O
codename	O
GP-UL	O
or	O
Giga	O
Processor	O
Ultra	O
Light	O
,	O
where	O
Giga	O
Processor	O
was	O
the	O
codename	O
for	O
the	O
POWER4	B-Device
from	O
which	O
the	O
core	O
was	O
derived	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Apple	O
introduced	O
the	O
Power	B-Device
Mac	I-Device
G5	I-Device
,	O
they	O
stated	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
a	O
five-year	O
collaborative	O
effort	O
,	O
with	O
multi-generation	O
roadmap	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
's	O
JS20/JS21	O
blade	B-Architecture
modules	I-Architecture
and	O
some	O
low-end	O
workstations	B-Device
and	O
System	B-Device
p	I-Device
servers	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-General_Concept
970	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
some	O
high	O
end	O
embedded	O
systems	O
like	O
Mercury	B-Application
's	O
Momentum	O
XSA-200	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
is	O
also	O
licensing	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-General_Concept
970	I-General_Concept
core	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
custom	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PowerPC	B-General_Concept
970	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
single	O
core	O
derivative	O
of	O
the	O
POWER4	B-Device
and	O
can	O
process	O
both	O
32-bit	O
and	O
64-bit	B-Device
PowerPC	B-Architecture
instructions	O
natively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
a	O
hardware	O
prefetch	B-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
and	O
a	O
three	O
way	O
branch	B-General_Concept
prediction	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
POWER4	B-Device
,	O
the	O
front-end	O
is	O
nine	O
stages	O
long	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PowerPC	B-General_Concept
970	I-General_Concept
can	O
fetch	O
and	O
decode	O
up	O
to	O
eight	O
instructions	O
,	O
dispatch	O
up	O
to	O
five	O
to	O
reserve	O
stations	O
,	O
issue	O
up	O
to	O
eight	O
to	O
the	O
execution	O
units	O
and	O
retire	O
up	O
to	O
five	O
per	O
cycle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
execution	O
pipelines	O
were	O
lengthened	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
POWER4	B-Device
to	O
achieve	O
higher	O
IPC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
eight	O
execution	O
units	O
:	O
two	O
arithmetic	B-General_Concept
logic	I-General_Concept
units	I-General_Concept
(	O
ALUs	O
)	O
,	O
two	O
double-precision	O
floating-point	B-General_Concept
units	I-General_Concept
,	O
two	O
load/store	O
units	O
and	O
two	O
AltiVec	B-General_Concept
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
AltiVec	B-General_Concept
units	O
executes	O
integer	O
and	O
floating-point	O
instructions	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
only	O
permute	O
instructions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
processor	O
has	O
two	O
unidirectional	O
32-bit	O
double	O
data	O
rate	O
(	O
DDR	O
)	O
buses	O
(	O
one	O
for	O
reads	O
,	O
the	O
other	O
for	O
writes	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
controller	O
chip	O
(	O
northbridge	B-Device
)	O
running	O
at	O
one	O
quarter	O
of	O
the	O
processor	O
core	O
speed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PowerPC	B-General_Concept
970	I-General_Concept
was	O
announced	O
by	O
IBM	O
in	O
October	O
2002	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
's	O
Power	B-Device
Mac	I-Device
G5	I-Device
in	O
June	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
In	O
keeping	O
with	O
its	O
previous	O
naming	O
conventions	O
,	O
Apple	O
termed	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-General_Concept
970	I-General_Concept
based	O
products	O
G5	B-Device
,	O
for	O
the	O
fifth	O
generation	O
of	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
microprocessors	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
released	O
its	O
first	O
PowerPC	B-General_Concept
970	I-General_Concept
blade	B-Architecture
servers	I-Architecture
,	O
the	O
BladeCenter	B-General_Concept
JS20	I-General_Concept
,	O
in	O
November	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PowerPC	B-General_Concept
970	I-General_Concept
had	O
512KB	O
of	O
full-speed	O
L2	O
cache	O
and	O
clock	O
speeds	O
from	O
1.6	O
to	O
2.0GHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
970FX	O
used	O
a	O
90	O
nm	O
manufacturing	O
process	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
maximum	O
power	O
rating	O
of	O
11	O
watts	O
at	O
149	O
degrees	O
Fahrenheit	O
(	O
65°C	O
)	O
while	O
clocked	O
at	O
1GHz	O
and	O
a	O
maximum	O
of	O
48	O
watts	O
at	O
2GHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PowerPC	B-General_Concept
970	I-General_Concept
's	O
pipeline	O
was	O
lengthened	O
from	O
9	O
stages	O
to	O
16	O
–	O
21	O
stages	O
for	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-General_Concept
970	I-General_Concept
FX	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
10	O
functional	O
units	O
2	O
Fixed-Point	O
Units	O
,	O
2	O
Load/Store	O
Units	O
,	O
2	O
Floating	B-General_Concept
Point	I-General_Concept
Units	I-General_Concept
,	O
1	O
Branch	O
Unit	O
,	O
1	O
SIMD	O
ALU	O
unit	O
,	O
1	O
SIMD	O
Permute	O
unit	O
,	O
and	O
1	O
Condition	O
Register	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
released	O
their	O
970FX-powered	O
machines	O
throughout	O
2004	O
:	O
the	O
Xserve	O
G5	B-Device
in	O
January	O
,	O
the	O
Power	B-Device
Mac	I-Device
G5	I-Device
in	O
June	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
iMac	B-Device
G5	I-Device
in	O
August	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Power	O
Mac	B-Device
introduced	O
a	O
top	O
clock	O
speed	O
of	O
2.5GHz	O
while	O
liquid-cooled	B-General_Concept
(	O
eventually	O
reaching	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
2.7GHz	O
in	O
April	O
2005	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
intense	O
user	O
demand	O
for	O
a	O
faster	O
laptop	O
CPU	O
than	O
the	O
G4	O
,	O
Apple	O
never	O
used	O
a	O
G5	B-Device
series	O
CPU	O
in	O
their	O
PowerBook	B-Device
laptops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
970FX	O
reduced	O
thermal	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
power	I-General_Concept
(	O
TDP	O
)	O
to	O
about	O
30	O
W	O
at	O
1.5GHz	O
,	O
a	O
figure	O
that	O
led	O
many	O
users	O
to	O
believe	O
a	O
PowerBook	B-Device
G5	B-Device
might	O
be	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
1.5GHz	O
,	O
the	O
G5	B-Device
was	O
not	O
substantially	O
faster	O
than	O
the	O
1.5	O
and	O
1.67GHz	O
G4	B-General_Concept
processors	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
Apple	O
used	O
in	O
PowerBooks	B-Device
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
northbridge	B-Device
chips	I-Device
available	O
to	O
interface	O
the	O
970FX	O
to	O
memory	O
and	O
other	O
devices	O
were	O
not	O
designed	O
for	O
portable	O
computers	O
,	O
and	O
consumed	O
too	O
much	O
power	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
announced	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
970MP	B-General_Concept
,	O
code-named	O
"	O
Antares	O
"	O
,	O
on	O
7	O
July	O
2005	O
at	O
the	O
Power	O
Everywhere	O
forum	O
in	O
Tokyo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
970MP	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
dual-core	O
derivative	O
of	O
the	O
970FX	O
with	O
clock	O
speeds	O
between	O
1.2	O
and	O
2.5GHz	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
maximum	O
power	O
usage	O
of	O
75W	O
at	O
1.8GHz	O
and	O
100W	O
at	O
2.0GHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
970MP	B-General_Concept
also	O
includes	O
partitioning	O
and	O
virtualization	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
970MP	B-General_Concept
replaced	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
970FX	O
in	O
Apple	O
's	O
high-end	O
Power	B-Device
Mac	I-Device
G5	I-Device
computers	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
iMac	B-Device
G5	I-Device
and	O
the	O
legacy	O
PCI-X	O
Power	B-Device
Mac	I-Device
G5	I-Device
continued	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
970FX	O
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
970MP	B-General_Concept
is	O
used	O
in	O
IBM	O
's	O
JS21	B-General_Concept
blade	B-Architecture
modules	I-Architecture
,	O
IBM	O
Intellistation	O
POWER	O
185	O
workstation	B-Device
and	O
YDL	O
PowerStation	O
by	O
Fixstars	O
Solutions	O
(	O
Yellow	O
Dog	O
Linux	O
(	O
YDL	O
)	O
PowerStation	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Illustrations	O
of	O
the	O
different	O
generations	O
of	O
970	O
processors	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
were	O
manufactured	O
in	O
IBM	O
's	O
East	O
Fishkill	O
plant	O
in	O
New	O
York	O
on	O
a	O
white	O
ceramic	O
substrate	O
that	O
was	O
typical	O
for	O
IBM	O
's	O
high	O
end	O
processors	B-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
era	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
two	O
dedicated	O
northbridges	B-Device
for	O
PowerPC	O
970-based	O
computers	O
,	O
both	O
manufactured	O
by	O
IBM	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
CPC925	O
Designed	O
by	O
Apple	O
and	O
called	O
the	O
U3	O
or	O
the	O
U3H	O
(	O
which	O
supports	O
ECC	B-Error_Name
memory	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
supporting	O
up	O
to	O
two	O
PowerPC	B-General_Concept
970s	I-General_Concept
or	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
970FXs	O
and	O
has	O
two	O
550MHz	O
unidirectional	O
processor	O
buses	O
,	O
a	O
400MHz	O
DDR	O
memory	O
controller	O
,	O
x8	O
AGP	B-Architecture
and	O
a	O
400MHz	O
16-bit	O
HyperTransport	B-Device
tunnel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
fabricated	O
on	O
a	O
130nm	B-Algorithm
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
unreleased	O
U3Lite	O
northbridge	B-Device
in	O
development	O
for	O
the	O
PowerBook	B-Device
G5	B-Device
,	O
which	O
never	O
made	O
it	O
to	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CPC945	O
Designed	O
by	O
IBM	O
and	O
called	O
U4	O
by	O
Apple	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
supporting	O
two	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
970MPs	B-General_Concept
and	O
has	O
two	O
625MHz	O
unidirectional	O
processor	O
buses	O
,	O
two	O
memory	O
controllers	O
that	O
support	O
up	O
to	O
64GB	O
of	O
533MHz	O
DDR2	O
SDRAM	O
with	O
ECC	B-Error_Name
capability	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
x16	O
PCIe	O
lane	O
and	O
an	O
800MHz	O
16-bit	O
HyperTransport	B-Device
tunnel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
cancelled	O
CPC965	O
northbridge	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Slated	O
for	O
release	O
in	O
2007	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
uniprocessor-only	O
northbridge	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
features	O
were	O
a	O
533MHz	O
DDR2	O
controller	O
that	O
supported	O
up	O
to	O
8GB	O
ECC	B-Error_Name
memory	O
,	O
a	O
8x	O
PCIe	O
bus	O
,	O
integrated	O
four-port	O
Gigabit	O
Ethernet	O
with	O
IPv4	B-Protocol
TCP/UDP	O
offloading	O
,	O
USB	O
2.0	O
ports	O
,	O
a	O
Flash-interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
northbridge	B-Device
contains	O
an	O
integrated	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
405	O
core	O
to	O
provide	O
system	O
management	O
and	O
configuration	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
uses	O
its	O
proprietary	O
Elastic	B-Architecture
Interface	I-Architecture
(	O
EI	O
)	O
bus	O
in	O
the	O
modules	O
.	O
</s>
