<s>
postmarketOS	B-Application
(	O
abbreviated	O
as	O
pmOS	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
primarily	O
for	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Alpine	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
distribution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
postmarketOS	B-Application
was	O
launched	O
on	O
26	O
May	O
2017	O
with	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
available	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
before	O
migrating	O
to	O
GitLab	B-Application
in	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
running	O
different	O
X	B-Operating_System
and	O
Wayland	B-Language
based	O
user	O
interfaces	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Plasma	B-Language
Mobile	I-Language
,	O
MATE	B-Language
,	O
GNOME	B-Language
3	I-Language
,	O
and	O
XFCE	B-Language
;	O
later	O
updates	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
Unity8	O
and	O
Phosh	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
capable	O
of	O
running	O
Docker	B-Language
,	O
if	O
the	O
device	O
specific	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
has	O
cgroups	B-Application
and	O
relevant	O
configs	O
enabled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
aims	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
ten-year	O
lifecycle	O
for	O
smartphones	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
many	O
other	O
projects	O
porting	O
conventional	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
distributions	O
to	O
Android	B-Application
phones	I-Application
,	O
postmarketOS	B-Application
does	O
not	O
use	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
build	O
system	O
or	O
userspace	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
intends	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
mainline	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
on	O
all	O
phones	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
often	O
outdated	O
Android-specific	O
fork	O
,	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
security	O
exploits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
devices	O
can	O
boot	O
into	O
the	O
mainline	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
already	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
aims	O
to	O
support	O
Android	B-Application
apps	O
,	O
originally	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Anbox	B-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
Waydroid	O
since	O
postmarketOS	B-Application
v21.12	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alpine	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
was	O
chosen	O
as	O
the	O
base	O
distribution	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
low	O
storage	O
requirements	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
more	O
suitable	O
for	O
older	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Excluding	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
base	O
installation	O
takes	O
up	O
approximately	O
6	O
MB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
pmbootstrap	O
,	O
a	O
utility	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
development	O
with	O
cross	B-Application
compilation	I-Application
;	O
</s>
<s>
osk-sdl	O
,	O
a	O
virtual	B-Device
keyboard	I-Device
to	O
allow	O
decryption	O
of	O
a	O
password	O
during	O
startup	O
(	O
on	O
a	O
device	O
with	O
full	O
disk	O
encryption	O
)	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
charging-sdl	O
,	O
an	O
application	O
contained	O
in	O
the	O
initramfs	B-Application
to	O
display	O
an	O
animation	O
when	O
the	O
phone	O
is	O
charging	O
while	O
off	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
May	O
2020	O
,	O
over	O
two	O
hundred	O
devices	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
boot	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
including	O
92	O
with	O
WiFi	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
includes	O
many	O
smartphones	B-Application
and	O
tablets	O
that	O
originally	O
ran	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
some	O
Linux-based	O
Nokia	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
N900	B-Application
and	O
N9	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
Corellium	O
's	O
Project	O
Sandcastle	O
ported	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
to	O
some	O
iPhone	O
versions	O
,	O
postmarketOS	B-Application
was	O
also	O
seen	O
to	O
boot	O
on	O
it	O
,	O
although	O
no	O
persistent	O
flashing	O
is	O
supported	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
May	O
2021	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
wearable	O
devices	O
(	O
including	O
Google	B-Application
Glass	I-Application
and	O
smartwatches	B-Application
like	O
the	O
LG	B-Application
G	I-Application
Watch	I-Application
)	O
has	O
been	O
improved	O
through	O
integration	O
with	O
the	O
AsteroidOS	B-Device
user	O
interface	O
and	O
work	O
on	O
mainline	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
for	O
the	O
LG	B-Application
G	I-Application
Watch	I-Application
R	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
,	O
no	O
devices	O
were	O
yet	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
phone	O
calls	O
with	O
postmarketOS	B-Application
,	O
although	O
significant	O
efforts	O
were	O
being	O
made	O
in	O
this	O
regard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
included	O
the	O
BQ	O
Aquaris	O
X5	O
,	O
Librem	B-Application
5	I-Application
,	O
Nokia	B-Application
N900	I-Application
,	O
Motorola	O
Moto	B-Application
G4	I-Application
Play	I-Application
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
Galaxy	I-Application
A3	I-Application
(	O
2015	O
)	O
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
Galaxy	I-Application
A5	I-Application
(	O
2015	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Wileyfox	O
Swift	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
device	O
was	O
launched	O
as	O
a	O
first-party	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
for	O
the	O
PinePhone	B-Application
,	O
with	O
the	O
postmarketOS	B-Application
Community	O
Edition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
process	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
new	O
device	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
consists	O
of	O
creating	O
a	O
phone-specific	O
package	O
using	O
the	O
pmbootstrap	O
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
from	O
the	O
device	O
's	O
original	O
manufacturer	O
is	O
often	O
necessary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
source	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
is	O
often	O
made	O
available	O
by	O
compliance	O
with	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
the	O
GPLv2	O
license	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
drivers	O
necessary	O
for	O
the	O
operation	O
of	O
the	O
device	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
available	O
,	O
and	O
must	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
be	O
recreated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
include	O
GPU	O
drivers	O
such	O
as	O
Lima	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
proprietary	O
equivalent	O
in	O
userspace	B-Operating_System
on	O
Android	B-Application
that	O
is	O
not	O
subject	O
to	O
the	O
GPLv2	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
