<s>
In	O
computing	O
,	O
post-WIMP	B-Application
(	O
"	O
windows	O
,	O
icons	O
,	O
menus	O
,	O
pointer	O
"	O
)	O
comprises	O
work	O
on	O
user	O
interfaces	O
,	O
mostly	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
,	O
which	O
attempt	O
to	O
go	O
beyond	O
the	O
paradigm	O
of	O
windows	O
,	O
icons	O
,	O
menus	O
and	O
a	O
pointing	O
device	O
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
WIMP	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
reason	O
WIMP	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
have	O
become	O
so	O
prevalent	O
since	O
their	O
conception	O
at	O
Xerox	O
PARC	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
very	O
good	O
at	O
abstracting	O
work-spaces	O
,	O
documents	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
actions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
analogous	O
desktop	B-Application
metaphor	I-Application
to	O
documents	O
as	O
paper	O
sheets	O
or	O
folders	O
makes	O
WIMP	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
easy	O
to	O
introduce	O
to	O
new	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
their	O
basic	O
representations	O
as	O
rectangular	O
regions	O
on	O
a	O
2D	O
flat	O
screen	O
make	O
them	O
a	O
good	O
fit	O
for	O
system	O
programmers	O
,	O
thus	O
favoring	O
the	O
abundance	O
of	O
commercial	O
widget	B-Library
toolkits	I-Library
in	O
this	O
style	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
WIMP	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
are	O
not	O
optimal	O
for	O
working	O
with	O
certain	O
tasks	O
or	O
through	O
input	B-Device
devices	I-Device
which	O
differ	O
from	O
a	O
mouse	O
and	O
keyboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WIMPs	B-Application
are	O
usually	O
pixel-hungry	O
,	O
so	O
given	O
limited	O
screen	O
real	O
estate	O
they	O
can	O
distract	O
attention	O
from	O
the	O
task	O
at	O
hand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interfaces	O
based	O
on	O
these	O
considerations	O
,	O
now	O
called	O
"	O
post-WIMP	B-Application
"	O
,	O
have	O
made	O
their	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
in	O
mobile	O
and	O
embedded	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meanwhile	O
,	O
software	O
for	O
desktop	O
computer	O
workstations	O
still	O
uses	O
WIMP	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
,	O
but	O
has	O
started	O
undergoing	O
major	O
operational	O
changes	O
as	O
desktop	O
marketshare	O
declines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
include	O
the	O
exploration	B-General_Concept
of	I-General_Concept
virtual	I-General_Concept
3D	I-General_Concept
space	I-General_Concept
,	O
interaction	B-Application
techniques	I-Application
for	O
window/icon	O
sorting	O
,	O
focus	O
,	O
and	O
embellishment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
seminal	O
paper	O
for	O
post-WIMP	B-Application
interfaces	O
is	O
"	O
Non	O
Command	O
User	O
Interfaces	O
"	O
by	O
Jakob	O
Nielsen	O
1993	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
"	O
The	O
Anti-Mac	O
Interface	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Updated	O
proposals	O
are	O
discussed	O
in	O
"	O
Post-WIMP	B-Application
user	O
interfaces	O
"	O
by	O
Andries	O
van	O
Dam	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Michel	O
Beaudouin-Lafon	O
subsequently	O
proposed	O
a	O
framework	O
called	O
instrumental	O
interaction	O
,	O
that	O
defines	O
a	O
design	O
space	O
for	O
Post-WIMP	B-Application
interaction	B-Application
techniques	I-Application
and	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
properties	O
for	O
comparing	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
Post-WIMP	B-Application
interaction	O
include	O
3D	B-General_Concept
interaction	I-General_Concept
and	O
reality-based	O
interaction	O
.	O
</s>
