<s>
Poplog	B-Language
is	O
an	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
,	O
reflective	B-Language
,	O
incrementally	B-Application
compiled	I-Application
software	B-General_Concept
development	I-General_Concept
environment	B-Device
for	O
the	O
programming	O
languages	O
POP-11	B-Language
,	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
,	O
Prolog	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Standard	B-Language
ML	I-Language
,	O
originally	O
created	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
for	O
teaching	O
and	O
research	O
in	O
Artificial	B-Application
Intelligence	I-Application
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Sussex	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
marketed	O
as	O
a	O
commercial	O
package	O
for	O
software	B-General_Concept
development	I-General_Concept
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
teaching	O
and	O
research	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
an	O
incremental	B-Application
compiler	I-Application
for	O
Prolog	B-Language
had	O
been	O
added	O
to	O
an	O
implementation	O
of	O
POP-11	B-Language
,	O
the	O
name	O
POPLOG	B-Language
was	O
adopted	O
,	O
to	O
reflect	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
expanded	O
system	O
supported	O
programming	O
in	O
both	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
was	O
retained	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
trade	O
mark	O
of	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Sussex	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
system	O
was	O
later	O
(	O
mid	O
1980s	O
)	O
extended	O
with	O
incremental	B-Application
compilers	I-Application
for	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
and	O
Standard	B-Language
ML	I-Language
based	O
on	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
tools	O
for	O
implementing	O
new	O
languages	O
in	O
the	O
Poplog	B-Language
Virtual	O
Machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
some	O
time	O
after	O
1983	O
,	O
Poplog	B-Language
was	O
sold	O
and	O
supported	O
internationally	O
as	O
a	O
commercial	O
product	O
,	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Sussex	O
by	O
Systems	O
Designers	O
Ltd	O
(	O
SDL	O
)	O
,	O
whose	O
name	O
changed	O
as	O
ownership	O
changed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
that	O
time	O
a	O
management	O
buy-out	O
produced	O
a	O
spin-off	O
company	O
Integral	O
Solutions	O
Ltd	O
(	O
ISL	O
)	O
,	O
to	O
sell	O
and	O
support	O
Poplog	B-Language
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
Sussex	O
University	O
,	O
who	O
retained	O
the	O
rights	O
to	O
the	O
name	O
'	O
Poplog	B-Language
 '	O
and	O
were	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
core	O
software	B-General_Concept
development	I-General_Concept
while	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
commercial	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1992	O
ISL	O
and	O
Sussex	O
University	O
won	O
a	O
"	O
Smart	O
Award	O
"	O
in	O
recognition	O
of	O
Poplog	B-Language
sales	O
worth	O
$5M	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISL	O
and	O
its	O
clients	O
used	O
Poplog	B-Language
for	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
development	O
projects	O
,	O
especially	O
ISL	O
's	O
data-mining	O
system	O
Clementine	O
,	O
mostly	O
implemented	O
in	O
POP-11	B-Language
,	O
using	O
powerful	O
graphical	O
tools	O
implemented	O
also	O
in	O
POP-11	B-Language
running	O
on	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Clementine	O
was	O
so	O
successful	O
that	O
in	O
1998	O
ISL	O
was	O
bought	O
by	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
selling	O
the	O
statistics	O
and	O
data-mining	O
package	O
SPSS	B-Algorithm
for	O
which	O
they	O
needed	O
a	O
better	O
graphical	O
interface	O
suited	O
to	O
expert	O
and	O
non-expert	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SPSS	B-Algorithm
did	O
not	O
wish	O
to	O
sell	O
and	O
support	O
Poplog	B-Language
as	O
such	O
,	O
so	O
Poplog	B-Language
then	O
became	O
available	O
as	O
a	O
free	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
software	I-Application
package	O
,	O
hosted	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Birmingham	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
also	O
been	O
involved	O
in	O
development	O
after	O
1991	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
IBM	O
bought	O
SPSS	B-Algorithm
and	O
Clementine	O
is	O
now	O
marketed	O
and	O
supported	O
as	O
SPSS	B-Algorithm
Modeler	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Poplog	B-Language
's	O
core	O
language	O
is	O
POP-11	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
other	O
languages	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
incrementally	B-Application
compiled	I-Application
,	O
with	O
an	O
integrated	O
common	O
editor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
Linux/Unix	O
versions	O
,	O
POP-11	B-Language
provides	O
support	O
for	O
2-D	O
graphics	O
via	O
X	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Poplog	B-Language
supports	O
incrementally	B-Application
compiled	I-Application
versions	O
of	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
,	O
POP-11	B-Language
,	O
Prolog	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Standard	B-Language
ML	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
separate	O
package	O
implemented	O
by	O
Robin	O
Popplestone	O
supports	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
Scheme	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Poplog	B-Language
has	O
been	O
used	O
both	O
for	O
academic	O
research	O
and	O
teaching	O
in	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
and	O
also	O
to	O
develop	O
several	O
commercial	O
products	O
,	O
apart	O
from	O
Clementine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1992	O
,	O
ISL	O
and	O
Sussex	O
University	O
won	O
an	O
ICP	O
Million	O
Dollar	O
award	O
in	O
recognition	O
of	O
Poplog	B-Language
exceeding	O
sales	O
of	O
US$5	O
million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
POP-11	B-Language
was	O
at	O
first	O
implemented	O
on	O
a	O
DEC	B-Device
PDP-11	I-Device
computer	O
in	O
1976	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
ported	O
to	O
VAX/VMS	B-Operating_System
in	O
1980	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
became	O
Poplog	B-Language
around	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
first	O
commercial	O
sales	O
were	O
for	O
VAX/VMS	B-Operating_System
,	O
from	O
the	O
mid-1980s	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
Poplog	B-Language
development	O
work	O
was	O
done	O
on	O
Sun	B-Architecture
SPARC	I-Architecture
computers	O
running	O
Solaris	B-Application
,	O
although	O
several	O
different	O
versions	O
were	O
sold	O
,	O
including	O
versions	O
for	O
HP-UX	B-Application
and	O
a	O
64-bit	B-Device
version	O
of	O
Poplog	B-Language
for	O
DEC	B-Device
Alpha	I-Device
running	O
Digital	B-Operating_System
UNIX	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
about	O
1999	O
,	O
when	O
Poplog	B-Language
became	O
available	O
as	O
free	O
,	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
,	O
most	O
development	O
work	O
was	O
done	O
on	O
the	O
Linux	O
version	O
,	O
including	O
porting	O
to	O
64-bit	B-Device
Linux	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
partial	O
port	O
to	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
on	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
was	O
done	O
in	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
a	O
version	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
originally	O
developed	O
to	O
support	O
Clementine	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Unix/Linux	O
graphical	O
subsystem	O
does	O
not	O
work	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
Poplog	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Windows	B-Application
version	O
of	O
Clementine	O
depended	O
on	O
a	O
commercial	O
package	O
that	O
supported	O
X	B-Operating_System
functionality	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
an	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
project	O
which	O
aimed	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
more	O
platform	O
neutral	O
version	O
of	O
Poplog	B-Language
,	O
including	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
recent	O
development	O
by	O
this	O
project	O
includes	O
a	O
web	O
server	O
component	O
for	O
integrating	O
into	O
Poplog	B-Language
applications	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
OpenPoplog	O
Widget	O
Collection	O
for	O
supporting	O
client	O
user	O
interfaces	O
running	O
in	O
a	O
web	O
browser	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
more	O
narrowly	O
focused	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
Poplog	B-Language
project	O
,	O
restricted	O
to	O
the	O
64-bit	B-Device
AMD64/X86	O
-64	O
architecture	O
was	O
set	O
up	O
on	O
GitHub	O
by	O
Waldek	O
Hebisch	O
:	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
now	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
Poplog	B-Language
Version	O
16	O
hosted	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Birmingham	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additional	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
history	O
and	O
features	O
of	O
Poplog	B-Language
can	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
entries	O
for	O
POP-2	B-Language
and	O
POP-11	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
chief	O
architect	O
of	O
Poplog	B-Language
,	O
responsible	O
for	O
many	O
innovations	O
related	O
to	O
making	O
an	O
incrementally	B-Application
compiled	I-Application
system	O
portable	O
,	O
and	O
providing	O
support	O
for	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
languages	O
was	O
John	O
Gibson	O
,	O
at	O
Sussex	O
University	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
earliest	O
work	O
was	O
done	O
by	O
Steve	O
Hardy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chris	O
Mellish	O
helped	O
with	O
the	O
initial	O
Prolog	B-Language
implementation	O
in	O
POP-11	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
John	O
Williams	O
,	O
working	O
under	O
supervision	O
of	O
Jonathan	O
Cunningham	O
implemented	O
the	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
subsystem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Robert	O
Duncan	O
and	O
Simon	O
Nichols	O
added	O
Standard	B-Language
ML	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Between	O
about	O
1980	O
and	O
1991	O
,	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
managed	O
by	O
Aaron	O
Sloman	O
,	O
until	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Birmingham	O
,	O
though	O
he	O
continued	O
to	O
collaborate	O
with	O
Sussex	O
and	O
ISL	O
on	O
Poplog	B-Language
development	O
after	O
that	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
1999	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
been	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
main	O
Poplog	B-Language
web	O
site	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
extensions	O
to	O
be	O
found	O
there	O
,	O
listed	O
under	O
POP-11	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Prolog	B-Language
subset	O
of	O
Poplog	B-Language
is	O
implemented	O
using	O
the	O
extendable	O
incremental	B-Application
compiler	I-Application
of	O
POP-11	B-Language
,	O
the	O
core	O
language	O
of	O
Poplog	B-Language
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
general	O
purpose	O
Lisp-like	O
language	O
with	O
a	O
more	O
conventional	O
syntax	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
implementation	O
required	O
the	O
Poplog	B-Language
Virtual	O
Machine	O
to	O
be	O
extended	O
to	O
provide	O
support	O
for	O
Prolog	B-Language
continuations	O
,	O
Prolog	B-Language
variables	O
,	O
the	O
Prolog	B-Language
trail	O
(	O
recording	O
undoable	O
variable	O
bindings	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Prolog	B-Language
terms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
implementation	O
was	O
constrained	O
by	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
allow	O
data-structures	O
to	O
be	O
shared	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
Poplog	B-Language
languages	O
,	O
especially	O
POP-11	B-Language
and	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
,	O
thereby	O
providing	O
support	O
for	O
a	O
mixture	O
of	O
programming	O
styles	O
.	O
</s>
