<s>
Polish	B-Operating_System
Grid	I-Operating_System
Infrastructure	I-Operating_System
PL-Grid	I-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
nationwide	O
computing	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
built	O
in	O
2009-2011	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
scientific	O
project	O
PL-Grid	B-Operating_System
-	O
Polish	O
Infrastructure	O
for	O
Supporting	O
Computational	O
Science	O
in	O
the	O
European	O
Research	O
Space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
purpose	O
was	O
to	O
enable	O
scientific	O
research	O
based	O
on	O
advanced	O
computer	B-Application
simulations	I-Application
and	O
large-scale	O
computations	O
using	O
the	O
computer	B-Architecture
clusters	I-Architecture
,	O
and	O
to	O
provide	O
convenient	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
computer	O
resources	O
for	O
research	O
teams	O
,	O
also	O
outside	O
the	O
communities	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
High	B-Architecture
Performance	I-Architecture
Computing	I-Architecture
centers	O
operate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
first	O
decade	O
of	O
the	O
twenty-first	O
century	O
in	O
most	O
European	O
countries	O
advanced	O
Grid	B-Architecture
programs	O
have	O
been	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
,	O
the	O
European	O
and	O
worldwide	O
consolidation	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
form	O
of	O
various	O
projects	O
,	O
which	O
concerned	O
the	O
Grid	B-Architecture
technology	O
and	O
HPC	B-Architecture
:	O
EGEE	O
,	O
e-IRG	O
,	O
PRACE	O
,	O
DEISA	O
and	O
OMII-Europe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Poland	O
has	O
also	O
undertaken	O
efforts	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
National	O
Grid	B-Architecture
,	O
because	O
without	O
such	O
infrastructure	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
possible	O
for	O
Polish	O
scientific	O
communities	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
many	O
research	O
programs	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
EU	O
7th	O
Framework	O
Programme	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
reason	O
to	O
initiate	O
steps	O
towards	O
the	O
Polish	O
Grid	B-Architecture
creation	O
was	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
in	O
Poland	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
intensively	O
cooperating	O
,	O
geographically	O
dispersed	O
research	O
teams	O
,	O
was	O
increasing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
prepare	O
the	O
rules	O
of	O
integration	O
of	O
national	O
Grids	O
(	O
National	O
Grid	B-Architecture
Initiatives	O
)	O
in	O
Europe	O
into	O
a	O
stable	O
,	O
production	O
infrastructure	O
-	O
European	O
Grid	B-Architecture
Initiative	O
-	O
which	O
would	O
begin	O
its	O
operation	O
in	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
helped	O
start	O
work	O
on	O
establishing	O
National	O
Grid	B-Architecture
Initiative	O
in	O
Poland	O
already	O
in	O
2007	O
,	O
by	O
setting	O
up	O
the	O
PL-Grid	B-Operating_System
Consortium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PL-Grid	B-Operating_System
Consortium	O
was	O
established	O
by	O
five	O
Polish	O
supercomputing	B-Architecture
and	O
networking	O
centers	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2009-2011	O
,	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
Consortium	O
was	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
PL-Grid	B-Operating_System
project	O
,	O
co-funded	O
by	O
the	O
European	O
Regional	O
Development	O
Fund	O
within	O
the	O
Innovative	O
Economy	O
Operational	O
Programme	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
operation	O
of	O
the	O
Consortium	O
was	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
the	O
Polish	B-Operating_System
Grid	I-Operating_System
Infrastructure	I-Operating_System
PL-Grid	I-Operating_System
,	O
formed	O
by	O
the	O
merger	O
of	O
new	O
,	O
powerful	O
computational	O
resources	O
,	O
purchased	O
and	O
installed	O
in	O
the	O
data	O
centers	O
belonging	O
to	O
the	O
PL-Grid	B-Operating_System
Consortium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computational	O
resources	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
Polish	B-Operating_System
Grid	I-Operating_System
Infrastructure	I-Operating_System
PL-Grid	I-Operating_System
include	O
(	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
PL-Grid	B-Operating_System
project	O
)	O
:	O
5.8	O
PBytes	O
of	O
storage	O
capacity	O
and	O
588	O
TFlops	O
of	O
computing	O
power	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
clusters	O
within	O
Polish	O
Grid	B-Architecture
Infrastructure	O
is	O
-	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
installed	O
in	O
Academic	O
Computer	O
Centre	O
Cyfronet	O
AGH	O
University	O
of	O
Science	O
and	O
Technology	O
in	O
Kraków	O
-	O
in	O
2010	O
,	O
2011	O
and	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
efficient	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
in	O
Poland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
PL-Grid	B-Operating_System
infrastructure	O
resources	O
there	O
are	O
available	O
scientific	O
software	O
packages	O
which	O
allow	O
researchers	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
biology	O
,	O
quantum	O
chemistry	O
,	O
physics	O
,	O
numerical	B-General_Concept
computations	I-General_Concept
and	O
simulation	O
to	O
conduct	O
large-scale	O
computations	O
:	O
ADF	B-Application
,	O
AMBER	B-Device
,	O
AutoDock	B-Application
,	O
BLAST	B-Application
,	O
Blender	B-Application
,	O
CFOUR	O
,	O
Clustal	B-Application
,	O
CPMD	B-Application
,	O
Dalton	B-Application
,	O
FLUENT	O
,	O
GAMESS	B-Application
,	O
Gaussian	B-Application
,	O
GROMACS	B-Application
,	O
Mathematica	B-Language
,	O
Matlab	B-Language
,	O
Meep	O
,	O
MOLPRO	B-Application
,	O
MOPAC	B-Application
,	O
NAMD	B-Application
,	O
NWChem	B-Application
,	O
OpenFOAM	B-Application
,	O
POV-Ray	B-Application
,	O
R	B-Language
and	O
TURBOMOLE	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
the	O
PL-Grid	B-Operating_System
infrastructure	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
available	O
several	O
tools	O
that	O
support	O
design	O
and	O
running	O
the	O
scientific	O
applications	O
on	O
the	O
distributed	O
computational	O
resources	O
,	O
organization	O
of	O
computational	O
experiments	O
,	O
visualization	O
of	O
applications	O
 '	O
results	O
and	O
resources	O
management	O
:	O
g-Eclipse	O
,	O
GridSpace2	O
,	O
QosQosGrid	B-Device
and	O
Migrating	O
Desktop	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
security-related	O
projects	O
are	O
also	O
useful	O
as	O
a	O
standalone	O
solutions	O
,	O
being	O
PL-Grid	B-Operating_System
'	O
s	O
contribution	O
to	O
an	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
creation	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
grid	B-Architecture
infrastructure	O
was	O
an	O
enterprise	O
with	O
a	O
very	O
large	O
potential	O
of	O
innovation	O
,	O
mentioned	O
in	O
all	O
government	O
documents	O
setting	O
the	O
directions	O
of	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
Polish	O
science	O
,	O
technology	O
and	O
economy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
grid	B-Architecture
infrastructure	O
constituted	O
such	O
a	O
base	O
,	O
on	O
which	O
the	O
specialized	O
systems	O
specific	O
for	O
various	O
fields	O
of	O
science	O
were	O
created	O
,	O
involving	O
services	O
and	O
tools	O
oriented	O
on	O
the	O
used	O
types	O
of	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Polish	O
Grid	B-Architecture
Infrastructure	O
is	O
continuously	O
maintained	O
and	O
extended	O
within	O
the	O
PLGrid	B-Operating_System
Plus	O
project	O
(	O
2012-2014	O
)	O
:	O
"	O
Domain-oriented	O
services	O
and	O
resources	O
of	O
Polish	O
Infrastructure	O
for	O
Supporting	O
Computational	O
Science	O
in	O
the	O
European	O
Research	O
Space	O
–	O
PLGrid	B-Operating_System
Plus	O
“	O
.	O
</s>
