<s>
It	O
was	O
written	O
and	O
directed	O
by	O
Hideo	O
Kojima	O
,	O
and	O
originally	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
PC-9821	B-Operating_System
in	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
hard	O
science	O
fiction	O
story	O
,	O
Policenauts	B-Application
is	O
set	O
in	O
the	O
mid	O
21st	O
century	O
and	O
follows	O
Jonathan	O
Ingram	O
,	O
an	O
astronaut	O
recently	O
recovered	O
floating	O
in	O
space	O
in	O
cryosleep	O
after	O
an	O
accident	O
at	O
a	O
space	O
colony	O
sent	O
him	O
drifting	O
into	O
space	O
for	O
24	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kojima	O
conceived	O
Policenauts	B-Application
while	O
working	O
on	O
Snatcher	B-Application
(	O
1988	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
began	O
development	O
in	O
1990	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
PC-9821	B-Operating_System
release	O
utilized	O
pixel	O
art	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
3DO	B-Device
,	O
PlayStation	B-Device
,	O
and	O
Sega	B-Device
Saturn	I-Device
ports	O
featured	O
cel	O
animation	O
by	O
Anime	O
International	O
Company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
English	O
localization	O
was	O
planned	O
for	O
the	O
Saturn	B-Device
but	O
was	O
eventually	O
cancelled	O
,	O
with	O
Kojima	O
citing	O
technical	O
problems	O
with	O
the	O
translation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
interest	O
in	O
Kojima	O
's	O
work	O
grew	O
following	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Metal	B-Application
Gear	I-Application
Solid	I-Application
(	O
1998	O
)	O
,	O
demand	O
for	O
a	O
translation	O
built	O
until	O
a	O
fan	O
translation	O
of	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
version	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Critics	O
have	O
praised	O
Policenauts	B-Application
for	O
its	O
animation	O
,	O
voice	O
acting	O
,	O
and	O
overall	O
presentation	O
;	O
several	O
commentators	O
have	O
analysed	O
its	O
cinematic	O
influences	O
from	O
films	O
in	O
the	O
science	O
fiction	O
,	O
action	O
,	O
comedy	O
,	O
and	O
buddy	O
genres	O
,	O
while	O
others	O
noted	O
its	O
reflection	O
of	O
Kojima	O
's	O
fascination	O
with	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
praised	O
its	O
storyline	O
,	O
technical	O
writing	O
and	O
worldbuilding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Policenauts	B-Application
is	O
a	O
graphic	O
adventure	O
game	O
with	O
a	O
point-and-click	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
called	O
a	O
visual	O
novel	O
and	O
an	O
interactive	B-Application
movie	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Sega	B-Device
Saturn	I-Device
version	O
supports	O
a	O
light	B-Device
gun	I-Device
for	O
these	O
segments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
Los	O
Angeles	O
Police	O
Department	O
officer	O
Jonathan	O
Ingram	O
(	O
Hideyuki	O
Tanaka	O
)	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
five	O
"	O
Policenauts	B-Application
"	O
,	O
police	O
officers	O
who	O
received	O
astronaut	O
training	O
to	O
protect	O
Beyond	O
Coast	O
,	O
humanity	O
's	O
first	O
functional	O
self-supporting	O
space	O
colony	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jonathan	O
and	O
Ed	O
also	O
run	O
into	O
former	O
Policenauts	B-Application
Gates	O
Becker	O
(	O
Osamu	O
Saka	O
)	O
and	O
Joseph	O
Tokugawa	O
(	O
Iemasa	O
Kayumi	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
latter	O
of	O
whom	O
Jonathan	O
suspects	O
of	O
being	O
involved	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Policenauts	B-Application
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Konami	O
and	O
directed	O
by	O
Hideo	O
Kojima	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kojima	O
began	O
to	O
explore	O
concepts	O
for	O
Policenauts	B-Application
during	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Snatcher	B-Application
(	O
1988	O
)	O
when	O
memory	O
limitation	O
issues	O
prompted	O
them	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
break	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Metal	B-Application
Gear	I-Application
2	I-Application
:	I-Application
Solid	I-Application
Snake	I-Application
(	O
1990	O
)	O
,	O
he	O
developed	O
a	O
scripting	O
engine	O
so	O
he	O
could	O
maintain	O
control	O
over	O
when	O
animations	O
and	O
music	O
played	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
programmers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
on	O
Policenauts	B-Application
began	O
in	O
earnest	O
in	O
1990	O
and	O
lasted	O
four	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
chose	O
to	O
explore	O
these	O
concepts	O
in	O
Policenauts	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kojima	O
mixed	O
his	O
space	O
interests	O
with	O
the	O
aforementioned	O
social	O
issues	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
thematic	O
basis	O
of	O
Policenauts	B-Application
and	O
hoped	O
the	O
players	O
would	O
ponder	O
these	O
topics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Policenauts	B-Application
was	O
originally	O
titled	O
Beyond	O
,	O
but	O
Konami	O
changed	O
the	O
name	O
after	O
they	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
trademark	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kojima	O
's	O
familiarity	O
with	O
film	O
and	O
television	O
influenced	O
the	O
cinematography	O
in	O
Policenauts	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
took	O
inspiration	O
from	O
American	O
buddy	O
television	O
shows	O
he	O
enjoyed	O
growing	O
up	O
like	O
Starsky	B-Device
&	I-Device
Hutch	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Policenauts	B-Application
was	O
first	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
PC-9821	B-Operating_System
on	O
July	O
29	O
,	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kojima	O
received	O
a	O
letter	O
from	O
a	O
hearing-impaired	O
player	O
after	O
release	O
,	O
upset	O
that	O
modern	O
games	O
like	O
Policenauts	B-Application
with	O
its	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
technology	O
were	O
replacing	O
game	O
text	O
with	O
actual	O
speech	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
port	O
was	O
for	O
the	O
3DO	B-Device
Interactive	I-Device
Multiplayer	I-Device
and	O
released	O
on	O
September	O
29	O
,	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
3DO	B-Device
version	O
and	O
subsequent	O
console	O
ports	O
had	O
a	O
drop	O
in	O
display	B-General_Concept
resolution	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
used	O
newly	O
animated	O
full	O
motion	O
video	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
animated	O
stills	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
PC	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
was	O
ported	O
a	O
second	O
time	O
to	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
,	O
released	O
on	O
January	O
19	O
,	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
bonus	O
disc	O
called	O
Policenauts	B-Application
Private	I-Application
Collection	I-Application
was	O
released	O
concurrently	O
which	O
has	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
content	O
as	O
the	O
3DO	B-Device
's	O
Pilot	O
Disk	O
bonuses	O
plus	O
storyboards	O
and	O
the	O
game	O
script	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
select	O
shooting	O
segments	O
from	O
the	O
main	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
full	O
motion	O
videos	O
in	O
this	O
version	O
run	O
slower	O
at	O
15	O
frames	O
per	O
second	O
(	O
FPS	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
24	O
on	O
the	O
3DO	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PlayStation	B-Device
launched	O
while	O
Konami	O
was	O
still	O
developing	O
Policenauts	B-Application
for	O
the	O
PC-9821	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Seeing	O
the	O
system	O
's	O
potential	O
,	O
Kojima	O
promised	O
himself	O
he	O
would	O
make	O
a	O
Metal	B-Application
Gear	I-Application
game	O
for	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
though	O
first	O
he	O
ported	O
Policenauts	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Policenauts	B-Application
was	O
being	O
evaluated	O
,	O
Shuhei	O
Yoshida	O
of	O
Sony	O
Computer	O
Entertainment	O
told	O
Kojima	O
they	O
were	O
discussing	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
breast	O
jiggling	O
in	O
the	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
was	O
re-issued	O
on	O
August	O
7	O
,	O
2003	O
through	O
Konami	O
's	O
online	O
store	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
re-released	O
digitally	O
on	O
PlayStation	B-Device
Store	O
on	O
May	O
14	O
,	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
final	O
port	O
was	O
for	O
the	O
Sega	B-Device
Saturn	I-Device
,	O
released	O
on	O
September	O
13	O
,	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
includes	O
some	O
additional	O
scenes	O
and	O
some	O
modified	O
story	O
details	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
readdition	O
of	O
removed	O
details	O
in	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kojima	O
insisted	O
that	O
the	O
Saturn	B-Device
port	O
have	O
increased	O
video	O
fidelity	O
,	O
retaining	O
the	O
3DO	B-Device
's	O
original	O
24	O
FPS	O
and	O
not	O
using	O
Cinepak	B-Algorithm
encoding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
port	O
also	O
includes	O
light	B-Device
gun	I-Device
support	O
,	O
a	O
concept	O
Kojima	O
had	O
since	O
the	O
inception	O
of	O
a	O
Saturn	B-Device
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
His	O
hope	O
was	O
that	O
players	O
would	O
feel	O
more	O
emotion	O
using	O
the	O
gun	O
in	O
Policenauts	B-Application
than	O
in	O
games	O
like	O
Lethal	B-Application
Enforcers	I-Application
(	O
1992	O
)	O
which	O
he	O
felt	O
did	O
not	O
evoke	O
empathy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Saturn	B-Device
version	O
also	O
has	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
content	O
featured	O
in	O
the	O
Pilot	O
Disk	O
and	O
Private	O
Collection	O
bonus	O
discs	O
released	O
on	O
previous	O
consoles	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
making-of	O
videos	O
and	O
an	O
interview	O
with	O
voice	O
actress	O
Kikuko	O
Inoue	O
(	O
unlocked	O
after	O
completing	O
the	O
game	O
once	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
glossary	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
now	O
accessible	O
during	O
play	O
,	O
allowing	O
players	O
to	O
look	O
up	O
keywords	O
whenever	O
they	O
are	O
first	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
story	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
official	O
English	O
translation	O
of	O
Policenauts	B-Application
was	O
announced	O
for	O
release	O
on	O
the	O
Sega	B-Device
Saturn	I-Device
in	O
1996	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Jeremy	O
Blaustein	O
,	O
who	O
worked	O
in	O
Konami	O
's	O
international	O
business	O
department	O
and	O
led	O
the	O
translations	O
of	O
Snatcher	B-Application
and	O
Metal	B-Application
Gear	I-Application
Solid	I-Application
(	O
1998	O
)	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
never	O
plans	O
to	O
localize	O
Policenauts	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
personally	O
felt	O
it	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
Kojima	O
's	O
weaker	O
games	O
,	O
not	O
enjoying	O
the	O
"	O
space	O
cowboy	O
"	O
theme	O
and	O
feeling	O
it	O
lacked	O
the	O
tension	O
and	O
humor	O
of	O
Snatcher	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Industry	O
journalists	O
have	O
speculated	O
in	O
hindsight	O
that	O
Konami	O
may	O
have	O
passed	O
on	O
localization	O
because	O
of	O
Snatcher	B-Application
's	O
commercial	O
failure	O
and	O
Policenauts	B-Application
 '	O
long	O
scenes	O
and	O
protracted	O
dialogue	O
during	O
an	O
era	O
of	O
heightened	O
consumer	O
interest	O
in	O
3D	O
action	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
successful	O
release	O
of	O
Metal	B-Application
Gear	I-Application
Solid	I-Application
,	O
fan	O
interest	O
grew	O
in	O
Snatcher	B-Application
and	O
Policenauts	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Around	O
2000	O
,	O
a	O
petition	O
on	O
the	O
Konami	O
of	O
America	O
online	O
message	O
boards	O
prompted	O
the	O
subsidiary	O
to	O
discuss	O
localizing	O
Policenauts	B-Application
with	O
Konami	O
of	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
translation	O
was	O
finally	O
released	O
two	O
years	O
later	O
in	O
August	O
2009	O
as	O
a	O
patch	O
for	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
played	O
on	O
an	O
emulator	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
PlayStation	B-Device
modified	O
to	O
read	O
CD-Rs	O
by	O
ripping	O
the	O
game	O
files	O
from	O
retail	O
discs	O
,	O
applying	O
the	O
English	O
patch	O
,	O
and	O
burning	O
the	O
patched	O
game	O
to	O
CD-Rs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
some	O
fans	O
consider	O
the	O
Sega	B-Device
Saturn	I-Device
version	O
a	O
superior	O
port	O
,	O
fans	O
released	O
a	O
translation	O
patch	O
for	O
it	O
in	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Japan	O
,	O
critics	O
praised	O
Policenauts	B-Application
for	O
its	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
presentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
Sega	B-Device
Saturn	I-Device
Magazine	O
and	O
Famitsu	O
praised	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
animation	O
,	O
voice	O
acting	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
engrossing	O
setting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sega	B-Device
Saturn	I-Device
Magazine	O
felt	O
it	O
was	O
more	O
like	O
a	O
movie	O
than	O
a	O
game	O
and	O
praised	O
its	O
unique	O
blend	O
of	O
genres	O
,	O
but	O
found	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
text	O
difficult	O
to	O
understand	O
and	O
warned	O
that	O
its	O
heavy	O
scientific	O
writing	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
suitable	O
for	O
everyone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
publications	O
recommended	O
Policenauts	B-Application
to	O
fans	O
of	O
adventure	O
games	O
and	O
anime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computer	O
and	O
Video	O
Games	O
previewed	O
the	O
3DO	B-Device
version	O
and	O
considered	O
it	O
a	O
sequel	O
to	O
Snatcher	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GameFan	O
reviewed	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
and	O
Saturn	B-Device
ports	O
;	O
they	O
felt	O
it	O
pushed	O
the	O
genre	O
of	O
interactive	B-Application
movies	I-Application
better	O
than	O
previous	O
games	O
in	O
the	O
genre	O
and	O
praised	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
intricate	O
technical	O
details	O
,	O
although	O
they	O
cautioned	O
that	O
its	O
specificity	O
may	O
put	O
off	O
some	O
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
concluded	O
that	O
Policenauts	B-Application
was	O
"	O
a	O
masterful	O
achievement	O
,	O
a	O
near-future	O
scenario	O
so	O
intricately	O
detailed	O
,	O
well	O
thought	O
out	O
and	O
full	O
of	O
originality	O
it	O
puts	O
Hollywood	O
's	O
best	O
attempts	O
at	O
sci-fi	O
to	O
shame.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Policenauts	B-Application
has	O
continued	O
to	O
receive	O
praise	O
for	O
its	O
writing	O
and	O
presentation	O
in	O
retrospective	O
reviews	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Critics	O
highlighted	O
Kojima	O
's	O
cinematic	O
influences	O
from	O
science	O
fiction	O
films	O
,	O
buddy	O
cop	O
films	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
Eastern	O
and	O
Western	O
films	O
:	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
character	O
designs	O
drew	O
comparisons	O
to	O
Lethal	B-Application
Weapon	I-Application
(	O
1987	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
felt	O
its	O
moments	O
of	O
sexual	O
humor	O
—	O
notably	O
the	O
option	O
for	O
Jonathan	O
to	O
grope	O
the	O
breasts	O
of	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
female	O
characters	O
―	O
conflicted	O
with	O
its	O
otherwise	O
serious	O
tone	O
;	O
Mackey	O
explained	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
a	O
remnant	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
original	O
release	O
on	O
Japanese	O
computers	O
during	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
the	O
market	O
was	O
flooded	O
with	O
hentai	B-Application
games	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Policenauts	B-Application
was	O
not	O
well	O
known	O
in	O
the	O
West	O
until	O
the	O
fan	O
translation	O
was	O
released	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Writing	O
in	O
2013	O
,	O
Jon	O
Leo	O
of	O
GameSpot	O
wrote	O
that	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
game	O
re-released	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
PlayStation	I-Operating_System
4	I-Operating_System
,	O
feeling	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
mainstream	O
push	O
for	O
visual	O
novels	O
and	O
adventure	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
still	O
working	O
with	O
Konami	O
in	O
2012	O
,	O
Kojima	O
expressed	O
interest	O
in	O
exploring	O
a	O
follow-up	O
to	O
Policenauts	B-Application
,	O
but	O
felt	O
it	O
was	O
difficult	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
from	O
a	O
business	O
perspective	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bob	O
Mackey	O
of	O
1UP.com	O
criticized	O
Konami	O
for	O
failing	O
to	O
acknowledge	O
or	O
pursue	O
localization	O
of	O
Policenauts	B-Application
and	O
other	O
non-Metal	O
Gear	O
games	O
by	O
Kojima	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
retrospect	O
,	O
the	O
game	O
is	O
often	O
called	O
a	O
spiritual	O
successor	O
to	O
Snatcher	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sang	O
and	O
Tieryas	O
wrote	O
that	O
"	O
Snatcher	B-Application
was	O
a	O
masterpiece	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Policenauts	B-Application
took	O
it	O
a	O
step	O
further.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
IGN	O
called	O
them	O
"	O
arguably	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
biggest	O
cyberpunk/sci	O
-fi	O
games	O
to	O
ever	O
grace	O
consoles	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
Eurogamer	O
described	O
Policenauts'''	O
sci-fi	O
elements	O
as	O
"	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
medium	O
's	O
strongest.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
Policenauts	B-Application
staff	O
went	O
on	O
to	O
hold	O
lead	O
development	O
roles	O
on	O
Kojima	O
's	O
later	O
efforts	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Zone	B-Device
of	I-Device
the	I-Device
Enders	I-Device
and	O
Metal	B-Application
Gear	I-Application
series	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
character	O
Meryl	O
Silverburgh	O
and	O
the	O
Tokugawa	O
Corporation	O
in	O
Policenauts	B-Application
were	O
repurposed	O
for	O
the	O
Metal	O
Gear''	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
