<s>
Pocket-sized	B-Application
computer	I-Application
describes	O
the	O
post-programmable	O
calculator	O
/	O
pre-smartphone	O
pocket-sized	O
portable-office	O
hardware	O
devices	O
that	O
included	O
the	O
earlier	O
DOS-based	O
palmtops	B-Operating_System
and	O
subsequent	O
Windows-CE	O
handhelds	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
few	O
other	O
terms	O
,	O
primarily	O
covering	O
the	O
1980s	O
through	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
"	O
Pocket-sized	O
palmtop	B-Operating_System
computing	O
device	O
"	O
)	O
and	O
"	O
pocket-sized	O
palmtop	B-Operating_System
computer.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
New	O
York	O
Times	O
used	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
palmtop/handheld.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
media	O
called	O
"	O
the	O
first	O
computer	O
that	O
fits	O
in	O
your	O
palm	O
and	O
weighs	O
less	O
than	O
a	O
pound	O
"	O
and	O
its	O
early	O
day	O
competitors	O
a	O
palmtop	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
word	O
"	O
handheld	O
"	O
was	O
used	O
before	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
1996	O
introduction	O
of	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
CE	I-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
by	O
Palm	O
,	O
Inc	O
pushed	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
term	O
Handheld	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
1973	O
-	O
The	O
first	O
portable	B-Device
computer	I-Device
,	O
the	O
MCM/70	B-Device
,	O
was	O
introduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1975	O
-	O
The	O
second	O
portable	B-Device
computer	I-Device
,	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
5100	I-Device
,	O
was	O
introduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1977	O
-	O
The	O
original	O
TRS-80	B-Device
was	O
introduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1980	O
-	O
The	O
term	O
Pocket	B-Device
computer	I-Device
began	O
in	O
1980	O
with	O
the	O
popular	O
acceptance	O
of	O
the	O
oddly-named	O
TRS-80/Tandy	O
Pocket	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
not	O
a	O
TRS-80	B-Device
,	O
and	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
of	O
8	O
models	O
named	O
PC-1	O
through	O
PC-8	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TRS-80	B-Device
Pocket	I-Device
Computer	I-Device
PC-1	O
was	O
a	O
rebadged	O
Sharp	B-Device
PC-1211	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Neither	O
the	O
Palmtop	B-Device
PC	I-Device
nor	O
the	O
Handheld	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
were	O
pocket	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
hand-held	O
device	O
compatible	O
with	O
desktop	O
IBM	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
of	O
the	O
time	O
was	O
the	O
DIP	B-Device
Pocket	I-Device
PC	I-Device
aka	O
Atari	B-Device
Portfolio	I-Device
in	O
1989	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
Handheld	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
"	O
described	O
the	O
product	O
first	O
introduced	O
in	O
1989	O
by	O
Atari	O
as	O
"	O
the	O
first	O
computer	O
that	O
fits	O
in	O
your	O
palm	O
and	O
weighs	O
less	O
than	O
a	O
pound.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
early	O
models	O
were	O
the	B-Application
Poqet	I-Application
PC	I-Application
of	O
1989	O
and	O
the	O
Hewlett	O
Packard	O
HP	B-Device
95LX	I-Device
of	O
1991	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
DOS-compatible	O
hand-held	O
computers	O
also	O
existed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
handheld	B-Operating_System
PCs	I-Operating_System
use	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
CE	I-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
with	O
the	O
term	O
also	O
covering	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
CE	I-Operating_System
devices	O
released	O
by	O
the	O
broader	O
commercial	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
the	O
arrival	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
2010s	O
of	O
devices	O
lacking	O
keyboards	O
,	O
demand	O
for	O
used	O
pocket	B-Device
computers	I-Device
remained	O
strong	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PsiXpda	O
Ultimate	O
Pocket	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
from	O
2009	O
;	O
the	O
GPD	B-Device
Win	I-Device
from	O
2016	O
;	O
the	O
Gemini	B-Application
from	O
2018	O
and	O
the	O
eponymous	O
GPD	O
Pocket	O
commercial	O
offerings	O
continue	O
to	O
supply	O
this	O
market	O
while	O
the	O
crowd-funded	O
open	O
source	O
hardware	O
Pandora	B-Device
and	O
Pyra	B-Application
maintain	O
small-scale	O
production	O
and	O
ongoing	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pocket	B-Device
computer	I-Device
was	O
another	O
term	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Subsequently	O
,	O
another	O
publisher	O
's	O
"	O
10	O
awesome	O
handheld	O
computers	O
from	O
yesteryear	O
"	O
included	O
"	O
1991	O
-	O
HP	B-Device
95LX	I-Device
pocket	B-Device
computer	I-Device
"	O
even	O
though	O
HP	O
called	O
it	O
a	O
palmtop	B-Operating_System
and	O
called	O
it	O
a	O
handheld	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Atari	O
's	O
1989	O
Portfolio	B-Device
,	O
used	O
Intel-compatible	B-Operating_System
x86	B-Operating_System
processors	O
and	O
a	O
mostly	O
IBM-compatible	O
PC	O
architecture	O
and	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
was	O
DOS-like	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
late-1990s	O
,	O
non-Intel	O
processors	O
and	O
other	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
were	O
used	O
for	O
some	O
devices	O
,	O
using	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
CE	I-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
even	O
as	O
the	O
term	O
Handheld	O
was	O
growing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
PC	O
was	O
helpful	O
,	O
since	O
many	O
Palmtop	B-Device
PCs	I-Device
and	O
Handheld	B-Operating_System
PCs	I-Operating_System
came	O
with	O
some	O
personal-computer	O
,	O
PDA	B-Application
and	O
office	O
applications	O
pre-installed	O
in	O
ROM	O
,	O
and	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
could	O
also	O
run	O
generic	O
,	O
off-the-shelf	O
PC	O
software	O
with	O
minimal	O
if	O
any	O
modifications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
could	O
also	O
run	O
other	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
such	O
as	O
GEOS	B-Application
,	O
MINIX	O
2.0	O
,	O
Windows	O
1.0-3.0	O
(	O
in	O
Real	B-Application
mode	I-Application
only	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
palmtop	B-Device
PCs	I-Device
were	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
static	O
hardware	O
design	O
for	O
low	O
power	O
consumption	O
and	O
instant-on/off	O
without	O
a	O
need	O
to	O
reboot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Combined	O
with	O
the	O
instant-on/off	O
feature	O
,	O
a	O
battery	O
would	O
typically	O
last	O
from	O
a	O
week	O
up	O
to	O
several	O
months	O
in	O
practical	O
use	O
as	O
PDA	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Handheld	O
computer	O
,	O
Palm	O
PC	O
,	O
Palmtop	B-Operating_System
and	O
Personal	B-Application
Digital	I-Application
Assistant	I-Application
(	O
PDA	B-Application
)	O
were	O
used	O
concurrently	O
and	O
almost	O
interchangeably	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
to	O
describe	O
these	O
pocket-sized	B-Application
computing	I-Application
devices	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
one	O
point	O
the	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
CE	I-Operating_System
market	O
share	O
was	O
less	O
than	O
10%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tablet	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
them	O
ran/run	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Palmtop	B-Device
PCs	I-Device
from	O
1989	O
through	O
1996	O
included	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
MS-DOS	O
5.0	O
,	O
80186-compatible	O
HP	O
Hornet	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Handheld	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
was	O
a	O
late	O
1990s	O
hardware	O
design	O
for	O
personal	B-Application
digital	I-Application
assistant	I-Application
(	O
PDA	B-Application
)	O
devices	O
running	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
CE	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provided	O
the	O
appointment	O
calendar	O
functions	O
usual	O
for	O
any	O
PDA	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
intent	O
of	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
CE	I-Operating_System
was	O
to	O
provide	O
an	O
environment	O
for	O
applications	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
Windows	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
on	O
processors	O
better	O
suited	O
to	O
low-power	O
operation	O
in	O
a	O
portable	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
announced	O
in	O
1996	O
,	O
the	O
Handheld	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
was	O
distinct	O
from	O
the	O
Palm-size	O
,	O
Pocket	B-Device
PC	I-Device
,	O
or	O
smartphone	B-Application
in	O
that	O
the	O
specification	O
provided	O
for	O
larger	O
screen	O
sizes	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
keyboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Psion	B-Application
's	O
1984-introduced	O
handheld	O
palmtop	B-Operating_System
device	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
Personal	B-Application
Digital	I-Application
Assistant	I-Application
(	O
PDA	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
was	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
Psion	B-Application
Organizer	I-Application
II	O
and	O
other	O
pocket-sized	B-Application
computers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
,	O
less	O
expensive	O
devices	O
of	O
this	O
type	O
were	O
Palm	O
Inc	O
's	O
Palm	B-Device
Pilot	I-Device
and	O
various	O
Pocket	B-Device
PCs	I-Device
running	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
CE	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
main	O
era	O
was	O
the	O
1990s	O
,	O
and	O
included	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
Newton	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Until	O
the	O
smartphones	B-Application
of	O
the	O
2010s	O
,	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
what	O
an	O
AT&T	O
study	O
called	O
"	O
an	O
intelligent	O
cellphone	O
"	O
was	O
still	O
pending	O
.	O
</s>
