<s>
A	O
plot	O
is	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
technique	I-Application
for	O
representing	O
a	O
data	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
,	O
usually	O
as	O
a	O
graph	B-Application
showing	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
variables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
sometimes	O
mechanical	O
or	O
electronic	O
plotters	B-Operating_System
were	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Graphs	B-Application
of	I-Application
functions	I-Application
are	O
used	O
in	O
mathematics	O
,	O
sciences	O
,	O
engineering	O
,	O
technology	O
,	O
finance	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Plots	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
statistics	O
and	O
data	B-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
also	O
many	O
statistical	O
tools	O
generally	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
graphical	B-Application
techniques	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Graphical	O
procedures	O
such	O
as	O
plots	O
are	O
a	O
short	O
path	O
to	O
gaining	O
insight	O
into	O
a	O
data	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
in	O
terms	O
of	O
testing	O
assumptions	O
,	O
model	O
selection	O
,	O
model	O
validation	O
,	O
estimator	O
selection	O
,	O
relationship	O
identification	O
,	O
factor	O
effect	O
determination	O
,	O
outlier	O
detection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Statistical	B-Application
graphics	I-Application
give	O
insight	O
into	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Graphs	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
solve	O
some	O
mathematical	O
equations	O
,	O
typically	O
by	O
finding	O
where	O
two	O
plots	O
intersect	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Biplot	B-Application
:	O
These	O
are	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
graph	B-Application
used	O
in	O
statistics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
biplot	B-Application
allows	O
information	O
on	O
both	O
samples	O
and	O
variables	O
of	O
a	O
data	O
matrix	O
to	O
be	O
displayed	O
graphically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
generalised	O
biplot	B-Application
displays	O
information	O
on	O
both	O
continuous	O
and	O
categorical	O
variables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bode	B-Algorithm
plots	I-Algorithm
are	O
used	O
in	O
control	O
theory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Box	B-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
In	O
descriptive	O
statistics	O
,	O
a	O
boxplot	B-Application
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
box-and-whisker	B-Application
diagram	I-Application
or	O
plot	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
convenient	O
way	O
of	O
graphically	O
depicting	O
groups	O
of	O
numerical	O
data	O
through	O
their	O
five-number	B-Language
summaries	I-Language
(	O
the	O
smallest	O
observation	O
,	O
lower	O
quartile	O
(	O
Q1	O
)	O
,	O
median	O
(	O
Q2	O
)	O
,	O
upper	O
quartile	O
(	O
Q3	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
largest	O
observation	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
boxplot	B-Application
may	O
also	O
indicate	O
which	O
observations	O
,	O
if	O
any	O
,	O
might	O
be	O
considered	O
outliers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Carpet	B-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
A	O
two-dimensional	O
plot	O
that	O
illustrates	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
two	O
and	O
three	O
independent	O
variables	O
and	O
one	O
to	O
three	O
dependent	O
variables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Funnel	B-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
useful	O
graph	B-Application
designed	O
to	O
check	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
publication	O
bias	O
in	O
meta-analyses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Funnel	B-Application
plots	I-Application
,	O
introduced	O
by	O
Light	O
and	O
Pillemer	O
in	O
1994	O
and	O
discussed	O
in	O
detail	O
by	O
Egger	O
and	O
colleagues	O
,	O
are	O
useful	O
adjuncts	O
to	O
meta-analyses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
funnel	B-Application
plot	I-Application
is	O
a	O
scatterplot	B-Application
of	O
treatment	O
effect	O
against	O
a	O
measure	O
of	O
study	O
size	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
used	O
primarily	O
as	O
a	O
visual	O
aid	O
to	O
detecting	O
bias	O
or	O
systematic	B-General_Concept
heterogeneity	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dot	B-Application
plot	I-Application
(	O
statistics	O
)	O
:	O
A	O
dot	B-Application
chart	I-Application
or	O
dot	B-Application
plot	I-Application
is	O
a	O
statistical	O
chart	O
consisting	O
of	O
group	O
of	O
data	O
points	O
plotted	O
on	O
a	O
simple	O
scale	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dot	B-Application
plots	I-Application
are	O
used	O
for	O
continuous	O
,	O
quantitative	O
,	O
univariate	B-General_Concept
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dot	B-Application
plots	I-Application
are	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
simplest	O
plots	O
available	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
suitable	O
for	O
small	O
to	O
moderate	O
sized	O
data	B-General_Concept
sets	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Forest	B-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
is	O
a	O
graphical	O
display	O
that	O
shows	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
the	O
evidence	O
in	O
quantitative	O
scientific	O
studies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
environmental	O
epidemiology	O
)	O
and	O
forest	B-Application
plots	I-Application
are	O
often	O
used	O
in	O
presenting	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
such	O
studies	O
also	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Galbraith	B-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
In	O
statistics	O
,	O
a	O
Galbraith	B-Application
plot	I-Application
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Galbraith	O
's	O
radial	B-Application
plot	I-Application
or	O
just	O
radial	B-Application
plot	I-Application
)	O
,	O
is	O
one	O
way	O
of	O
displaying	O
several	O
estimates	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
quantity	O
that	O
have	O
different	O
standard	B-General_Concept
errors	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
examine	O
heterogeneity	O
in	O
a	O
meta-analysis	O
,	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
or	O
supplement	O
to	O
a	O
forest	B-Application
plot	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nichols	B-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
graph	B-Application
used	O
in	O
signal	O
processing	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
logarithm	O
of	O
the	O
magnitude	O
is	O
plotted	O
against	O
the	O
phase	O
of	O
a	O
frequency	O
response	O
on	O
orthogonal	O
axes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Normal	B-Application
probability	I-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
The	O
normal	B-Application
probability	I-Application
plot	I-Application
is	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
technique	I-Application
for	O
assessing	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
a	O
data	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
is	O
approximately	O
normally	O
distributed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
normal	B-Application
probability	I-Application
plot	I-Application
is	O
a	O
special	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
probability	O
plot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nyquist	B-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
Plot	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
automatic	O
control	O
and	O
signal	O
processing	O
for	O
assessing	O
the	O
stability	O
of	O
a	O
system	O
with	O
feedback	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
represented	O
by	O
a	O
graph	B-Application
in	O
polar	O
coordinates	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
gain	O
and	O
phase	O
of	O
a	O
frequency	O
response	O
are	O
plotted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Partial	B-Application
regression	I-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
In	O
applied	O
statistics	O
,	O
a	O
partial	B-Application
regression	I-Application
plot	I-Application
attempts	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
adding	O
another	O
variable	O
to	O
the	O
model	O
(	O
given	O
that	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
independent	O
variables	O
are	O
already	O
in	O
the	O
model	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Partial	B-Application
regression	I-Application
plots	I-Application
are	O
also	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
added	O
variable	O
plots	O
,	O
adjusted	O
variable	O
plots	O
,	O
and	O
individual	O
coefficient	O
plots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Partial	B-Application
residual	I-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
In	O
applied	O
statistics	O
,	O
a	O
partial	B-Application
residual	I-Application
plot	I-Application
is	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
technique	I-Application
that	O
attempts	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
a	O
given	O
independent	O
variable	O
and	O
the	O
response	O
variable	O
given	O
that	O
other	O
independent	O
variables	O
are	O
also	O
in	O
the	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Probability	O
plot	O
:	O
The	O
probability	O
plot	O
is	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
technique	I-Application
for	O
assessing	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
a	O
data	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
follows	O
a	O
given	O
distribution	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
normal	O
or	O
Weibull	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
visually	O
estimating	O
the	O
location	O
and	O
scale	O
parameters	O
of	O
the	O
chosen	O
distribution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Q	B-Application
–	I-Application
Q	I-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
In	O
statistics	O
,	O
a	O
Q	B-Application
–	I-Application
Q	I-Application
plot	I-Application
(	O
Q	O
stands	O
for	O
quantile	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
method	I-Application
for	O
diagnosing	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
probability	O
distribution	O
of	O
a	O
statistical	O
population	O
from	O
which	O
a	O
random	O
sample	O
has	O
been	O
taken	O
and	O
a	O
comparison	O
distribution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recurrence	B-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
In	O
descriptive	O
statistics	O
and	O
chaos	O
theory	O
,	O
a	O
recurrence	B-Application
plot	I-Application
(	O
RP	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
plot	O
showing	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
given	O
moment	O
in	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
times	O
at	O
which	O
a	O
phase	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scatterplot	B-Application
:	O
A	O
scatter	B-Application
graph	I-Application
or	O
scatter	B-Application
plot	I-Application
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
display	O
using	O
variables	O
for	O
a	O
set	B-General_Concept
of	I-General_Concept
data	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spaghetti	B-Application
plots	I-Application
are	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
viewing	O
data	O
to	O
visualize	O
possible	O
flows	O
through	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stemplot	B-Application
:	O
A	O
stemplot	B-Application
(	O
or	O
stem-and-leaf	B-Application
plot	I-Application
)	O
,	O
in	O
statistics	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
device	O
for	O
presenting	O
quantitative	O
data	O
in	O
a	O
graphical	O
format	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
histogram	B-Algorithm
,	O
to	O
assist	O
in	O
visualizing	O
the	O
shape	O
of	O
a	O
distribution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
evolved	O
from	O
Arthur	O
Bowley	O
's	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1900s	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
useful	O
tools	O
in	O
exploratory	B-General_Concept
data	I-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
histograms	B-Algorithm
,	O
stemplots	B-Application
retain	O
the	O
original	O
data	O
to	O
at	O
least	O
two	O
significant	O
digits	O
,	O
and	O
put	O
the	O
data	O
in	O
order	O
,	O
thereby	O
easing	O
the	O
move	O
to	O
order-based	O
inference	O
and	O
non-parametric	B-General_Concept
statistics	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Star	B-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
A	O
graphical	B-Application
method	I-Application
of	O
displaying	O
multivariate	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
,	O
star	B-Application
plots	I-Application
are	O
generated	O
in	O
a	O
multi-plot	O
format	O
with	O
many	O
stars	O
on	O
each	O
page	O
and	O
each	O
star	O
representing	O
one	O
observation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Surface	O
plot	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
graph	B-Application
,	O
a	O
surface	O
is	O
plotted	O
to	O
fit	O
a	O
set	B-General_Concept
of	I-General_Concept
data	I-General_Concept
triplets	O
(	O
X	O
,	O
Y	O
,	O
Z	O
)	O
,	O
where	O
Z	O
if	O
obtained	O
by	O
the	O
function	O
to	O
be	O
plotted	O
Z	O
=	O
f(X,Y )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ternary	B-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
A	O
ternary	B-Application
plot	I-Application
,	O
ternary	O
graph	B-Application
,	O
triangle	B-Application
plot	I-Application
,	O
simplex	B-Application
plot	I-Application
,	O
or	O
de	O
Finetti	O
diagram	O
is	O
a	O
barycentric	O
plot	O
on	O
three	O
variables	O
which	O
sum	O
to	O
a	O
constant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
game	O
theory	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
often	O
called	O
a	O
simplex	B-Application
plot	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Violin	B-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
Violin	B-Application
plots	I-Application
are	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
plotting	O
numeric	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
similar	O
to	O
box	B-Application
plots	I-Application
,	O
except	O
that	O
they	O
also	O
show	O
the	O
probability	O
density	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
at	O
different	O
values	O
(	O
in	O
the	O
simplest	O
case	O
this	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
histogram	B-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
violin	B-Application
plots	I-Application
will	O
include	O
a	O
marker	O
for	O
the	O
median	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
and	O
a	O
box	O
indicating	O
the	O
interquartile	O
range	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
standard	O
box	B-Application
plots	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Overlaid	O
on	O
this	O
box	B-Application
plot	I-Application
is	O
a	O
kernel	B-General_Concept
density	I-General_Concept
estimation	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Violin	B-Application
plots	I-Application
are	O
available	O
as	O
extensions	O
to	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
software	O
packages	O
,	O
including	O
R	O
through	O
the	O
vioplot	O
library	O
,	O
and	O
Stata	O
through	O
the	O
vioplot	O
add-in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Arrhenius	B-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
This	O
plot	O
compares	O
the	O
logarithm	O
of	O
a	O
reaction	O
rate	O
(	O
,	O
ordinate	O
axis	O
)	O
plotted	O
against	O
inverse	O
temperature	O
(	O
,	O
abscissa	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Arrhenius	B-Application
plots	I-Application
are	O
often	O
used	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
temperature	O
on	O
the	O
rates	O
of	O
chemical	O
reactions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dot	B-Application
plot	I-Application
(	O
bioinformatics	O
)	O
:	O
This	O
plot	O
compares	O
two	O
biological	O
sequences	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
method	I-Application
that	O
allows	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
regions	O
of	O
close	O
similarity	O
between	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
recurrence	B-Application
plot	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lineweaver	B-Application
–	I-Application
Burk	I-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
This	O
plot	O
compares	O
the	O
reciprocals	O
of	O
reaction	O
rate	O
and	O
substrate	O
concentration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Simple	O
graph	B-Application
:	O
Supply	O
and	O
demand	O
curves	O
,	O
simple	O
graphs	O
used	O
in	O
economics	O
to	O
relate	O
supply	O
and	O
demand	O
to	O
price	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Simple	O
graph	B-Application
used	O
for	O
reading	O
values	O
:	O
the	O
bell-shaped	O
normal	O
or	O
Gaussian	O
probability	O
distribution	O
,	O
from	O
which	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
a	O
man	O
's	O
height	O
being	O
in	O
a	O
specified	O
range	O
can	O
be	O
derived	O
,	O
given	O
data	O
for	O
the	O
adult	O
male	O
population	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Very	O
complex	O
graph	B-Application
:	O
the	O
psychrometric	O
chart	O
,	O
relating	O
temperature	O
,	O
pressure	O
,	O
humidity	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
quantities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Non-rectangular	O
coordinates	O
:	O
the	O
above	O
all	O
use	O
two-dimensional	O
rectangular	O
coordinates	O
;	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
graph	B-Application
using	O
polar	O
coordinates	O
,	O
sometimes	O
in	O
three	O
dimensions	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
antenna	O
radiation	B-Device
pattern	I-Device
chart	O
,	O
which	O
represents	O
the	O
power	O
radiated	O
in	O
all	O
directions	O
by	O
an	O
antenna	O
of	O
specified	O
type	O
.	O
</s>
