<s>
Homebrew	B-Application
software	O
was	O
first	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Operating_System
3	I-Operating_System
by	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
hackers	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
Team	O
Ice	O
"	O
by	O
exploiting	O
a	O
vulnerability	O
in	O
the	O
game	O
Resistance	B-Application
:	I-Application
Fall	I-Application
of	I-Application
Man	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
various	O
other	O
hacks	O
executed	O
from	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Sony	O
removed	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
install	O
another	O
operating	O
system	O
in	O
the	O
3.21	O
firmware	O
update	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
event	O
caused	O
backlash	O
among	O
the	O
hacker	O
communities	O
,	O
and	O
eventually	O
the	O
group	O
Fail0verflow	O
found	O
a	O
flaw	O
in	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
encryption	O
keys	O
which	O
they	O
leveraged	O
to	O
restore	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
install	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
George	O
Hotz	O
(	O
Geohot	O
)	O
,	O
often	O
misattributed	O
as	O
the	O
genesis	O
of	O
homebrew	B-Application
on	O
the	B-Operating_System
PS3	I-Operating_System
,	O
later	O
created	O
the	O
first	O
homebrew	B-Application
signed	O
using	O
the	O
private	O
"	O
metldr	O
"	O
encryption	O
key	O
which	O
he	O
leaked	O
onto	O
the	O
internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
court	O
case	O
was	O
settled	O
out	O
of	O
court	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
George	O
Hotz	O
not	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
further	O
reverse	O
engineer	O
the	B-Operating_System
PS3	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
2010	O
Chaos	O
Communication	O
Congress	O
(	O
CCC	O
)	O
in	O
Berlin	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
calling	O
itself	O
fail0verflow	O
announced	O
it	O
had	O
succeeded	O
in	O
bypassing	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
the	O
PlayStation3	B-Operating_System
's	O
security	O
measures	O
,	O
allowing	O
unsigned	O
code	O
to	O
run	O
without	O
a	O
dongle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
also	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
possible	O
to	O
recover	O
the	O
Elliptic	O
Curve	O
DSA	O
(	O
ECDSA	O
)	O
private	B-Application
key	I-Application
used	O
by	O
Sony	O
to	O
sign	O
software	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
failure	O
of	O
Sony	O
's	O
ECDSA	O
implementation	O
to	O
generate	O
a	O
different	O
random	B-Algorithm
number	I-Algorithm
for	O
each	O
signature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
fail0verflow	O
chose	O
not	O
to	O
publish	O
this	O
key	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
necessary	O
to	O
run	O
homebrew	B-Application
software	O
on	O
the	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
release	O
of	O
this	O
key	O
would	O
allow	O
anyone	O
to	O
sign	O
their	O
code	O
and	O
therefore	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
run	O
it	O
on	O
any	O
PlayStation3	B-Operating_System
console	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
would	O
also	O
mean	O
that	O
no	O
countermeasures	O
could	O
be	O
taken	O
by	O
Sony	O
without	O
rendering	O
old	O
software	O
useless	O
,	O
as	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
no	O
distinction	O
between	O
official	O
and	O
homebrew	B-Application
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
3	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
geohot	O
published	O
the	O
aforementioned	O
private	B-Application
key	I-Application
,	O
represented	O
in	O
hexadecimal	O
as	O
C5	O
B2	O
BF	O
A1	O
A4	O
13	O
DD	O
16	O
F2	O
6D	O
31	O
C0	O
F2	O
ED	O
47	O
20	O
DC	O
FB	O
06	O
70	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
Hello	O
world	O
program	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
PS3	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
allow	O
for	O
homebrew	B-Application
using	O
the	O
newly	O
discovered	O
encryption	O
keys	O
,	O
several	O
modified	O
versions	O
of	O
system	O
update	O
3.55	O
have	O
been	O
released	O
by	O
Geohot	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
common	O
feature	O
is	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
an	O
"	O
App	O
Loader	O
"	O
that	O
allows	O
for	O
the	O
installation	O
of	O
homebrew	B-Application
apps	O
as	O
signed	O
DLC-like	O
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
LV2	O
patch	O
was	O
later	O
released	O
to	O
allow	O
Backup	O
Managers	O
to	O
load	O
game	O
backups	O
and	O
was	O
later	O
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
Managers	O
themselves	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
run	O
whenever	O
the	B-Operating_System
PS3	I-Operating_System
is	O
restarted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PS3	B-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
update	O
3.56	O
tried	O
to	O
patch	O
Miha	O
's	O
exploit	O
for	O
3.55	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
within	O
a	O
day	O
the	O
system	O
was	O
circumvented	O
again	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Soon	O
after	O
v3.60	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
updates	O
to	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
Network	I-Device
were	O
conducted	O
to	O
block	O
any	O
methods	O
known	O
that	O
allowed	O
PSN	B-Device
access	O
on	O
firmware	O
older	O
than	O
the	O
latest	O
required	O
official	O
firmware	O
(	O
v4.90	O
)	O
,	O
thereby	O
blocking	O
users	O
who	O
chose	O
not	O
to	O
update	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
custom	O
firmware	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
Rebug	O
"	O
,	O
released	O
on	O
March	O
31	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
gave	O
retail	O
PS3s	B-Operating_System
most	O
of	O
the	O
options	O
and	O
functionality	O
of	O
debug/developer	O
PS3	B-Operating_System
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
week	O
later	O
,	O
tutorials	O
became	O
available	O
allowing	O
users	O
to	O
download	O
PSN	B-Device
content	O
for	O
free	O
,	O
using	O
fake	O
(	O
rather	O
than	O
stolen	O
)	O
credit	O
card	O
numbers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
April	O
12	O
report	O
described	O
hackers	O
using	O
the	O
jailbroken	O
firmware	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
dev-PSN	O
to	O
get	O
back	O
on	O
games	O
like	O
Call	B-Application
of	I-Application
Duty	I-Application
,	O
with	O
widespread	O
reports	O
of	O
cheating	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
some	O
sources	O
blamed	O
Rebug	O
for	O
the	O
subsequent	B-Error_Name
intrusion	I-Error_Name
to	O
Sony	O
's	O
private	O
developer	O
network	O
,	O
Time	O
"	O
Techland	O
"	O
described	O
such	O
theories	O
as	O
"	O
highly	O
—	O
as	O
in	O
looking	O
down	O
at	O
the	O
clouds	O
from	O
the	O
tip-top	O
of	O
Mount	O
Everest	O
highly	O
—	O
speculative	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
2017	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
tool	O
released	O
to	O
convert	O
4.82	O
PS3	B-Operating_System
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
,	O
a	O
tool	O
called	O
PS3HEN	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
compatible	O
with	O
any	O
model	O
of	O
PS3	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
allows	O
non-CFW	O
compatible	O
consoles	O
to	O
run	O
homebrew	B-Application
with	O
LV2	O
kernel	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
has	O
been	O
adopted	O
by	O
many	O
popular	O
homebrew	B-Application
applications	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
multiMAN	O
,	O
to	O
detect	O
LV2	O
access	O
and	O
run	O
accordingly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
features	O
of	O
are	O
in	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
a	O
viable	O
alternative	O
for	O
the	O
late	O
25xx	O
and	O
30xx	O
series	O
Slims	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
all	O
Super	O
Slims	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
run	O
homebrew	B-Application
.	O
</s>
