<s>
Pixar	B-Application
RenderMan	I-Application
(	O
formerly	O
PhotoRealistic	B-Application
RenderMan	I-Application
)	O
is	O
proprietary	B-Application
photorealistic	B-Application
3D	I-Application
rendering	I-Application
software	O
produced	O
by	O
Pixar	O
Animation	O
Studios	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pixar	O
uses	O
RenderMan	B-Application
to	O
render	O
their	O
in-house	O
3D	O
animated	O
movie	O
productions	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
available	O
as	O
a	O
commercial	O
product	O
licensed	O
to	O
third	O
parties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
a	O
free	O
non-commercial	O
version	O
of	O
RenderMan	B-Application
became	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
speed	O
up	O
rendering	O
,	O
Pixar	O
engineers	O
performed	O
experiments	O
with	O
parallel	O
rendering	O
computers	O
using	O
Transputer	B-General_Concept
chips	O
inside	O
a	O
Pixar	B-General_Concept
Image	I-General_Concept
Computer	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
nickname	O
of	O
a	O
small	O
circuit	O
board	O
(	O
2.5	O
×	O
5	O
inches	O
or	O
6.4	O
×	O
13cm	O
)	O
containing	O
one	O
Transputer	B-General_Concept
that	O
engineer	O
Jeff	O
Mock	O
could	O
put	O
in	O
his	O
pocket	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
that	O
time	O
the	O
Sony	O
Walkman	O
was	O
very	O
popular	O
and	O
Jeff	O
Mock	O
called	O
his	O
portable	O
board	O
Renderman	B-Application
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
software	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RenderMan	B-Application
defines	O
cameras	O
,	O
geometry	O
,	O
materials	O
,	O
and	O
lights	O
using	O
the	O
RenderMan	B-Application
Interface	I-Application
Specification	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
past	O
RenderMan	B-Application
used	O
the	O
Reyes	O
Rendering	O
Architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Renderman	B-Application
standard	O
was	O
first	O
presented	O
at	O
1993	O
SIGGRAPH	O
,	O
developed	O
with	O
input	O
from	O
19	O
companies	O
and	O
6	O
or	O
7	O
big	O
partners	O
,	O
with	O
Pat	O
Hanrahan	O
taking	O
a	O
leading	O
role	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ed	O
Catmull	O
said	O
no	O
software	O
product	O
met	O
the	O
RenderMan	B-Application
Standard	O
in	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RenderMan	B-Application
met	O
it	O
after	O
about	O
two	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
RenderMan	B-Application
supports	O
Open	B-Language
Shading	I-Language
Language	I-Language
to	O
define	O
textural	O
patterns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Pixar	O
started	O
development	O
,	O
Steve	O
Jobs	O
described	O
the	O
original	O
goal	O
for	O
RenderMan	B-Application
in	O
1991	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
Pixar	O
used	O
the	O
C	B-Language
language	I-Language
for	O
developing	O
Renderman	B-Application
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
them	O
to	O
port	O
it	O
to	O
many	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Historically	O
,	O
RenderMan	B-Application
used	O
the	O
Reyes	O
algorithm	O
to	O
render	O
images	O
with	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
advanced	O
effects	O
such	O
as	O
ray	B-Algorithm
tracing	I-Algorithm
and	O
global	B-Algorithm
illumination	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
Reyes	O
rendering	O
and	O
the	O
RenderMan	B-Application
Shading	I-Application
Language	I-Application
were	O
removed	O
from	O
RenderMan	B-Application
in	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RenderMan	B-Application
currently	O
uses	O
Monte	B-Algorithm
Carlo	I-Algorithm
path	B-Algorithm
tracing	I-Algorithm
to	O
generate	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RenderMan	B-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
digital	O
visual	O
effects	O
for	O
Hollywood	O
blockbuster	O
movies	O
such	O
as	O
Beauty	O
and	O
the	O
Beast	O
,	O
Aladdin	O
,	O
The	B-Application
Lion	I-Application
King	I-Application
,	O
Terminator	B-Application
2	I-Application
:	I-Application
Judgment	I-Application
Day	I-Application
,	O
Toy	B-Application
Story	I-Application
,	O
Jurassic	O
Park	O
,	O
Avatar	O
,	O
Titanic	O
,	O
the	O
Star	B-Application
Wars	I-Application
prequels	O
,	O
and	O
The	O
Lord	O
of	O
the	O
Rings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RenderMan	B-Application
has	O
received	O
four	O
Academy	O
Scientific	O
and	O
Technical	O
Awards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second	O
was	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
73rd	O
Scientific	O
and	O
Technical	O
Academy	O
Awards	O
ceremony	O
presentation	O
on	O
March	O
3	O
,	O
2001	O
:	O
the	O
Academy	O
of	O
Motion	O
Picture	O
Arts	O
and	O
Sciences	O
 '	O
Board	O
of	O
Governors	O
honored	O
Ed	O
Catmull	O
,	O
Loren	O
Carpenter	O
and	O
Rob	O
Cook	O
with	O
an	O
Academy	O
Award	O
of	O
Merit	O
"	O
for	O
significant	O
advancements	O
to	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
motion	O
picture	O
rendering	O
as	O
exemplified	O
in	O
Pixar	O
’s	O
RenderMan	B-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
third	O
was	O
in	O
2010	O
honoring	O
"	O
Per	O
Christensen	O
,	O
Christophe	O
Hery	O
,	O
and	O
Michael	O
Bunnell	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
point-based	O
rendering	O
for	O
indirect	B-Algorithm
illumination	I-Algorithm
and	O
ambient	O
occlusion.	O
"	O
</s>
