<s>
PingER	O
,	O
an	O
acronym	O
for	O
Ping	B-Protocol
End-to-end	O
Reporting	O
,	O
measures	O
round-trip	O
travel	O
time	O
of	O
a	O
packet	O
of	O
data	O
between	O
two	O
nodes	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PingER	O
 '	O
Project	O
uses	O
a	O
simple	O
tool	O
—	O
the	O
ping	B-Protocol
command	I-Protocol
—	O
to	O
get	O
valuable	O
insights	O
into	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	B-General_Concept
backbone	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Almost	O
any	O
networked	O
computer	O
will	O
respond	O
to	O
a	O
ping	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
require	O
nothing	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Monitoring	O
nodes	O
require	O
only	O
a	O
script	O
to	O
issue	O
ping	B-Protocol
commands	I-Protocol
and	O
record	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PingER	O
uses	O
the	O
data	O
to	O
determine	O
latency	O
(	O
round-trip_time	O
)	O
,	O
jitter	B-Architecture
(	O
variability	O
of	O
round-trip_time	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
loss	B-Protocol
(	O
percentage	O
of	O
packets	O
that	O
never	O
return	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
PingER	B-Application
Project	I-Application
,	O
including	O
source	O
code	O
,	O
are	O
made	O
available	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
at	O
no	O
cost	O
.	O
</s>
