<s>
Pine	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
freeware	B-License
,	O
text-based	B-Protocol
email	I-Protocol
client	I-Protocol
which	O
was	O
developed	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Washington	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Source	O
code	O
was	O
available	O
for	O
only	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
version	O
under	O
a	O
license	O
written	O
by	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Washington	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pine	B-Operating_System
is	O
no	O
longer	O
under	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
replaced	O
by	O
the	O
Alpine	B-Language
client	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
available	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Linux	B-Application
versions	O
of	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Unix/Linux	O
version	O
is	O
text	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
basedits	O
message	O
editor	O
inspired	O
the	O
text	O
editor	O
Pico	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Windows	B-Application
(	O
and	O
formerly	O
DOS	O
)	O
version	O
is	O
called	O
PC-Pine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
)	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
implemented	O
as	O
a	O
web	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
moved	O
over	O
to	O
Alpine	B-Language
,	O
however	O
there	O
are	O
still	O
many	O
users	O
of	O
this	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
people	O
believe	O
that	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
stands	O
for	O
"	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
Is	I-Operating_System
Not	I-Operating_System
Elm	I-Operating_System
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
its	O
original	O
authors	O
,	O
Laurence	O
Lundblade	O
,	O
insists	O
this	O
was	O
never	O
the	O
case	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
started	O
off	O
simply	O
as	O
a	O
word	O
and	O
not	O
an	O
acronym	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
his	O
first	O
choice	O
of	O
a	O
backronym	O
for	O
pine	B-Operating_System
would	O
be	O
"	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
Is	O
Nearly	O
Elm	B-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
announcement	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
was	O
originally	O
based	O
on	O
Elm	B-Application
,	O
but	O
it	O
has	O
evolved	O
much	O
since	O
,	O
( 	O
 '	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
Is	O
No-longer	O
Elm	B-Application
 '	O
)	O
.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
university	O
registered	O
a	O
trademark	O
for	O
the	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
name	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
"	O
computer	O
programs	O
used	O
in	O
communication	O
and	O
electronic	O
mail	O
applications	O
"	O
in	O
March	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
version	O
3.92	O
,	O
the	O
holder	O
of	O
the	O
copyright	O
,	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Washington	O
,	O
changed	O
the	O
license	O
so	O
that	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
was	O
still	O
available	O
,	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
allow	O
modifications	O
and	O
changes	O
to	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
to	O
be	O
distributed	O
by	O
anyone	O
other	O
than	O
themselves	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
trademark	O
for	O
the	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
name	O
was	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
position	O
in	O
this	O
matter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
reaction	O
,	O
some	O
developers	O
forked	B-Application
version	O
3.91	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
MANA	O
(	O
for	O
Mail	O
And	O
News	O
Agent	O
)	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
trademark	O
issue	O
and	O
the	B-Application
GNU	I-Application
Project	I-Application
adopted	O
it	O
as	O
GNU	O
Mana	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Richard	O
Stallman	O
claims	O
that	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Washington	O
threatened	O
to	O
sue	O
the	O
Free	B-Application
Software	I-Application
Foundation	O
for	O
distributing	O
the	O
modified	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
program	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
MANA	O
ceasing	O
and	O
no	O
versions	O
being	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pico	B-Operating_System
clone	O
GNU	B-Application
nano	I-Application
was	O
also	O
written	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
change	O
in	O
licensing	O
terms	O
of	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
and	O
Pico	B-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
explained	O
by	O
nano	B-Application
's	O
author	O
in	O
a	O
blog	O
post	O
criticizing	O
the	O
license	O
in	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
University	O
of	O
Washington	O
later	O
modified	O
their	O
license	O
somewhat	O
to	O
allow	O
unmodified	O
distribution	O
of	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
alongside	O
collections	O
of	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
but	O
the	O
license	O
still	O
does	O
not	O
conform	O
to	O
the	O
Open	O
Source	O
and	O
the	O
Free	B-Application
Software	I-Application
Guidelines	O
so	O
it	O
is	O
semi-free	O
software	O
,	O
effectively	O
proprietary	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Washington	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
stopped	O
development	O
of	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
with	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
4.64	O
,	O
although	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
continues	O
to	O
be	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
its	O
place	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
family	O
of	O
email	O
tools	O
based	O
upon	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
,	O
called	O
Alpine	B-Language
and	O
licensed	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
,	O
version	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
November	O
29	O
,	O
2006	O
saw	O
the	O
first	O
public	O
alpha	O
release	O
,	O
which	O
forms	O
a	O
new	O
approach	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
alpha	O
test	O
of	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
was	O
always	O
non-public	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alpine	B-Language
1.0	O
was	O
publicly	O
released	O
on	O
December	O
20	O
,	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
