<s>
Pie	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
is	O
a	O
2.5D	O
and	O
3D	O
first-person	O
shooter	O
engine	O
most	O
popular	O
in	O
the	O
mid-to-late	O
1990s	O
by	O
Pie	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
Software	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Power	O
3D	O
and	O
the	O
3D	O
Game	O
Creation	O
or	O
3D	O
Game	B-Application
Creation	I-Application
System	I-Application
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
engine	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
two	O
games	O
by	O
the	O
company	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
many	O
other	O
independent	O
games	O
and	O
amateur	O
projects	O
after	O
it	O
was	O
turned	O
into	O
a	O
commercial	O
game	O
creator	O
,	O
largely	O
because	O
it	O
minimized	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
computer	B-General_Concept
programming	I-General_Concept
knowledge	O
needed	O
to	O
make	O
3D	O
games	O
in	O
its	O
editing	O
tools	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
suitable	O
even	O
for	O
beginners	O
with	O
no	O
game-design	O
experience	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
,	O
formed	O
principally	O
by	O
programmer	O
Kevin	O
Stokes	O
,	O
first	O
dabbled	O
in	O
3D	O
computer	O
graphics	O
by	O
creating	O
a	O
modestly	O
popular	O
terminate-and-stay-resident	O
3D	O
screen	B-General_Concept
saver	I-General_Concept
called	O
InnerMission	O
in	O
1987	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
market	O
for	O
3D	O
applications	O
started	O
to	O
grow	O
more	O
popular	O
,	O
they	O
developed	O
a	O
3D	O
flight	B-Application
simulator	I-Application
called	O
Corncob	O
3D	O
in	O
1992	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
was	O
inspired	O
by	O
a	O
similar	O
flight	B-Application
simulator	I-Application
for	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
,	O
but	O
implemented	O
a	O
more	O
advanced	O
physics	O
model	O
and	O
the	O
possibility	O
to	O
jump	O
off	O
the	O
plane	O
and	O
explore	O
the	O
environment	O
on	O
foot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Corncob	O
3D	O
was	O
first	O
released	O
as	O
shareware	B-License
and	O
then	O
later	O
commercially	O
as	O
Corncob	O
Deluxe	O
by	O
MVP	O
Software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
1992	O
,	O
after	O
seeing	O
Wolfenstein	B-Application
3D	I-Application
and	O
having	O
gained	O
experience	O
with	O
Corncob	O
3D	O
,	O
Stokes	O
decided	O
to	O
write	O
a	O
brand	O
new	O
3D	O
engine	O
in	O
C	B-Language
and	O
then	O
used	O
it	O
for	O
the	O
first-person	O
shooter	O
Lethal	O
Tender	O
in	O
1993	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pie	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
released	O
Terminal	O
Terror	O
,	O
the	O
sequel	O
to	O
Lethal	O
Tender	O
,	O
in	O
1994	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
summer	O
of	O
1994	B-Application
during	O
the	O
Shareware	B-License
Industry	O
Conference	O
in	O
Indianapolis	O
,	O
Indiana	O
,	O
Kevin	O
Stokes	O
met	O
a	O
young	O
indie	O
developer	O
named	O
John	O
Nagle	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
discussed	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
using	O
Kevin	O
's	O
engine	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
game	O
development	O
system	O
for	O
non-programmers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
launched	O
the	O
3D	O
Game	B-Application
Creation	I-Application
System	I-Application
during	O
Christmas	O
of	O
1994	B-Application
,	O
marketing	O
themselves	O
to	O
non-technical	O
consumers	O
who	O
wanted	O
to	O
make	O
their	O
own	O
3D	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1995	B-Application
it	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
Despair	O
series	O
,	O
Terror	O
in	O
Christmas	O
Town	O
,	O
Deer	O
Napped	O
,	O
and	O
Castaway	O
:	O
The	O
Ordeal	O
Begins	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
official	O
example	O
games	O
Meltdown	O
and	O
Industrial	O
Killers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
contract	O
with	O
the	O
German	O
group	O
changed	O
,	O
and	O
instead	O
the	O
new	O
game	B-Application
creation	I-Application
system	I-Application
was	O
re-released	O
in	O
German	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
English	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
engine	O
was	O
ported	O
to	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
and	O
Direct	B-Application
X	I-Application
in	O
1998	B-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
updating	O
it	O
beyond	O
Wolfenstein	O
3D-like	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
had	O
first	O
detected	O
the	O
decline	O
of	O
DOS	B-Device
in	O
1994	B-Application
,	O
and	O
had	O
decided	O
to	O
port	O
to	O
Windows	O
and	O
adopt	O
3D	O
API	O
technology	O
using	O
the	O
Renderware	O
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
licensing	O
restrictions	O
however	O
,	O
they	O
eventually	O
opted	O
to	O
use	O
Direct3D	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
updated	O
form	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
game	O
Pencil	O
Whipped	O
,	O
designed	O
for	O
the	O
2000	B-Application
Independent	O
Games	O
Festival	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chub	O
Gam	O
3D	O
,	O
an	O
earlier	O
freeware	B-License
game	O
,	O
was	O
reissued	O
in	O
director	O
's	O
cut	O
form	O
in	O
1998	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2001	B-Application
the	O
third	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
engine	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
featuring	O
true-3D	O
polygonal	O
enemies	O
and	O
weapons	O
,	O
3D	O
terrain	O
,	O
super	O
lighting	O
effects	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
engine	O
ceased	O
being	O
sold	O
in	O
May	B-Application
2003	I-Application
and	O
soon	O
after	O
the	O
Pie	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
company	O
website	O
came	O
down	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
book	O
3D	O
Game	O
Creation	O
by	O
Luke	O
Ahearn	O
for	O
Cyberrookies	O
has	O
a	O
section	O
which	O
examines	O
making	O
games	O
using	O
the	O
Pie	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
development	O
tools	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
alongside	O
GameMaker	B-Operating_System
:	I-Operating_System
Studio	I-Operating_System
,	O
Construct	B-Operating_System
,	O
The	B-Application
Games	I-Application
Factory	I-Application
and	O
FPS	B-Application
Creator	I-Application
,	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
Problem	O
Solving	O
through	O
Game	O
Creation	O
"	O
course	O
put	O
out	O
by	O
the	O
College	O
of	O
Engineering	O
and	O
Applied	O
Science	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	B-Application
the	O
company	O
was	O
restarted	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
created	O
a	O
physics	O
engine	O
demo	O
and	O
a	O
dice	B-Language
simulation	O
for	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
tested	O
on	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Application
Droid	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
rebirth	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
came	O
from	O
a	O
feeling	O
that	O
small	O
companies	O
can	O
make	O
a	O
better	O
headway	O
in	O
the	O
mobile	B-Application
market	I-Application
than	O
on	O
the	O
PC	B-Device
market	I-Device
,	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
struggling	O
experience	O
trying	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
Pie	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
tools	O
current	O
to	O
big-name	O
standards	O
in	O
the	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pie	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
Software	O
made	O
several	O
games	O
on	O
the	O
engine	O
and	O
its	O
predecessors	O
,	O
first	O
its	O
own	O
shareware	B-License
products	O
and	O
later	O
examples	O
for	O
the	O
Game	B-Application
Creation	I-Application
System	I-Application
,	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pie	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
engine	O
's	O
popular	O
predecessor	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
first-person	O
shooter	O
like	O
the	O
later	O
games	O
based	O
on	O
Pie	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
flight	B-Application
simulator	I-Application
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
known	O
for	O
being	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
few	O
shareware	B-License
flight	B-Application
simulators	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
was	O
later	O
released	O
as	O
freeware	B-License
along	O
with	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
game	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
actual	O
Pie	B-Application
In	I-Application
The	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
3D	O
engine	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
1993	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Secret	B-Application
agent	I-Application
Nick	O
Hunter	O
must	O
thwart	O
the	O
evil	O
Thorne	O
Devereaux	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
planting	O
bombs	O
in	O
U.S.	O
currency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
more	O
advanced	O
than	O
most	O
of	O
its	O
peers	O
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
non-perpendicular	O
walls	O
(	O
like	O
in	O
Doom	B-Application
)	O
,	O
jumping	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
rudimental	O
simulation	O
of	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
injuries	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
body	O
being	O
hit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
set	O
out	O
the	O
style	O
followed	O
closely	O
by	O
most	O
other	O
Pie	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
engine	O
games	O
,	O
particularly	O
noting	O
its	O
inventory	O
system	O
,	O
though	O
even	O
its	O
graphics	O
were	O
mostly	O
reused	O
by	O
later	O
games	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pie	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
Software	O
's	O
sequel	O
to	O
Lethal	O
Tender	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
1994	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
featured	O
an	O
expanded	O
array	O
of	O
features	O
including	O
early	O
examples	O
of	O
the	O
stealth	O
gameplay	O
of	O
later	O
games	O
like	O
Thief	B-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Dark	I-Application
Project	I-Application
,	O
objective-based	O
missions	O
,	O
and	O
improved	O
texture	O
mapping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
player	O
is	O
again	O
Nick	O
Hunter	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
mission	O
to	O
take	O
back	O
into	O
custody	O
the	O
international	O
terrorist	B-Device
Bruno	O
Riggs	O
,	O
who	O
has	O
fortified	O
himself	O
and	O
his	O
men	O
in	O
a	O
captured	O
airport	O
terminal	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
several	O
hostages	O
,	O
including	O
Hunter	O
's	O
fiance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Abandonia	O
compared	O
it	O
to	O
System	B-Application
Shock	I-Application
in	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
way	O
ahead	O
of	O
its	O
time	O
,	O
referencing	O
its	O
new	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
friendly	O
non-playable	O
characters	O
and	O
damage	O
varying	O
based	O
on	O
where	O
hit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
game	O
made	O
in	O
1995	B-Application
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
original	O
DOS	B-Device
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Included	O
were	O
various	O
notes	O
and	O
promotionals	O
for	O
the	O
Game	B-Application
Creation	I-Application
System	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
short	O
demonstration	O
for	O
the	O
engine	O
made	O
in	O
March	O
1995	B-Application
by	O
Terry	O
F	O
.	O
Hamel	O
,	O
an	O
additional	O
level	O
designer	O
for	O
Blood	B-Application
by	O
Monolith	O
Productions	O
and	O
a	O
Doom	B-Application
custom	O
mapper	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Max	O
Resistance	O
was	O
an	O
example	O
game	O
from	O
the	O
company	O
website	O
that	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
2001	B-Application
to	O
promote	O
the	O
final	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Game	B-Application
Creation	I-Application
System	I-Application
,	O
to	O
showcase	O
both	O
its	O
gameplay	O
and	O
graphical	O
abilities	O
-	O
particularly	O
3D	O
terrain	O
and	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
not	O
created	O
by	O
Pie	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
Software	O
,	O
the	O
early	O
release	O
date	O
of	O
this	O
title	O
and	O
its	O
extensive	O
modification	O
from	O
the	O
base	O
engine	O
indicate	O
that	O
this	O
game	O
was	O
produced	O
through	O
license	O
from	O
Pie	O
and	O
not	O
through	O
the	O
GCS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
most	O
shown	O
by	O
its	O
genre	O
:	O
rather	O
than	O
being	O
a	O
first-person	O
shooter	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
first-person	O
racing	O
sports	O
game	O
-	O
a	O
remake	O
of	O
the	O
older	O
BallBlaster	B-Application
game	O
for	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
mixture	O
between	O
soccer	B-Application
and	O
hockey	B-Application
,	O
with	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
objects	O
and	O
power-ups	O
available	O
for	O
use	O
,	O
played	O
between	O
two	O
hovercraft	O
in	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
such	O
sports	O
have	O
replaced	O
violence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
majority	O
of	O
games	O
were	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Game	B-Application
Creation	I-Application
System	I-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
released	O
for	O
DOS	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Red	O
Babe	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
games	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
Pie	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
engine	O
that	O
was	O
not	O
made	O
by	O
the	O
engine	O
creators	O
themselves	O
,	O
being	O
made	O
by	O
The	O
DaRK	O
CaVErN	O
Productions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
mobster	O
themed	O
first-person	O
shooter	O
game	O
using	O
the	O
Pie	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
included	O
on	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
shareware	B-License
compilation	O
containing	O
the	O
first	O
episode	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
episode	O
's	O
level	O
track	O
is	O
the	O
theme	O
from	O
the	O
film	O
The	B-General_Concept
Terminator	I-General_Concept
,	O
hinting	O
the	O
soundtrack	O
comprises	O
various	O
MIDI	O
files	O
found	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
variety	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
textures	O
,	O
graphics	O
and	O
sounds	O
is	O
more	O
than	O
most	O
Pie	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
engine	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
entire	O
Despair	O
trilogy	O
use	O
the	O
Pie	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Christmas-themed	O
first-person	O
shooter	O
,	O
featuring	O
the	O
player	O
having	O
to	O
rescue	O
Santa	O
Claus	O
from	O
a	O
polar	B-Algorithm
bear	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
Michael	O
Zerbo	O
and	O
released	O
in	O
1995	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
demo	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
is	O
still	O
available	O
for	O
free	O
as	O
shareware	B-License
,	O
though	O
the	O
full	O
version	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
purchased	O
by	O
sending	O
ten	O
dollars	O
directly	O
to	O
Michael	O
Zerbo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
player	O
is	O
a	O
ninja	B-Application
working	O
for	O
Santa	O
and	O
must	O
rescue	O
his	O
reindeer	O
from	O
the	O
Abominable	O
Snowpeople	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
was	O
to	O
encourage	O
young	O
entrepreneurs	B-Application
to	O
learn	O
about	O
business	O
through	O
hands	O
on	O
experience	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
release	O
by	O
RBSoft	O
(	O
Roy	O
L	O
.	O
Person	O
Sr.	O
)	O
in	O
1995	B-Application
,	O
Space	O
Station	O
Escape	O
is	O
a	O
science	O
fiction	O
game	O
wherein	O
the	O
player	O
has	O
face	O
an	O
alien	O
attack	O
of	O
a	O
space	O
station	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
bastions	O
of	O
humanity	O
following	O
Earth	O
's	O
recent	O
destruction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
shareware	B-License
level	O
contains	O
five	O
levels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
was	O
created	O
as	O
High	O
School	O
Senior	O
Thesis	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
"	O
3D	O
adventure	O
"	O
from	O
a	O
tool	O
designed	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
"	O
action	B-Application
killfest	I-Application
"	O
(	O
though	O
it	O
takes	O
advantage	O
of	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
innovative	O
scripting	O
and	O
interactivity	O
features	O
premièred	O
in	O
Terminal	O
Terror	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
an	O
accompanying	O
paper	O
titled	O
Continuum	O
:	O
An	O
Odyssey	O
of	O
Creation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
received	O
numerous	O
positive	O
comments	O
,	O
including	O
from	O
Kevin	O
Stokes	O
,	O
and	O
comparisons	O
were	O
drawn	O
to	O
early	O
plot-oriented	O
first-person	O
games	O
such	O
as	O
Strife	B-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
numerous	O
statements	O
raising	O
it	O
above	O
the	O
average	O
GCS	O
produced	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
's	O
heavy	O
plot	O
focus	O
on	O
a	O
secret	O
CIA	O
project	O
at	O
Area	B-Application
51	I-Application
into	O
the	O
space-time	O
continuum	O
headed	O
by	O
"	O
Section	O
7	O
"	O
,	O
using	O
recovered	O
alien	O
technology	O
,	O
that	O
now	O
threatens	O
the	O
fabric	O
of	O
the	O
universe	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
stated	O
plot	O
;	O
the	O
shareware	B-License
level	O
featured	O
four	O
levels	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
registered	O
version	O
twenty	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Secret	B-Application
Agent	I-Application
:	O
The	O
Escape	O
features	O
the	O
titular	O
agent	O
's	O
attempt	O
to	O
escape	O
a	O
prison	O
complex	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chub	O
Gam	O
3D	O
is	O
claimed	O
to	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
freeware	B-License
first-person	B-Application
shooter	I-Application
games	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versions	O
2.0	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
1998	B-Application
,	O
and	O
3.0	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
2001	B-Application
,	O
were	O
made	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
and	O
featured	O
much	O
more	O
advanced	O
options	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pencil	O
Whipped	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
2001	B-Application
,	O
might	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
well	O
known	O
of	O
the	O
Pie	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Sky	I-Application
games	O
and	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
only	O
ones	O
to	O
utilize	O
a	O
later	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Based	O
on	O
a	O
strange	O
dream	O
Flickinger	O
had	O
,	O
the	O
game	O
became	O
known	O
for	O
its	O
unique	O
black	B-Application
and	I-Application
white	I-Application
pencil	O
drawn	O
world	O
and	O
for	O
its	O
wider	O
novelty	O
value	O
,	O
being	O
described	O
by	O
Wired.com	O
as	O
"	O
like	O
being	O
trapped	O
inside	O
a	O
very	O
disturbed	O
child	O
's	O
drawing.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
work	O
was	O
done	O
towards	O
a	O
sequel	O
on	O
using	O
The	B-Application
Game	I-Application
Creators	I-Application
tools	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
recently	O
work	O
has	O
been	O
done	O
on	O
an	O
iPhone	B-Device
remake	O
called	O
"	O
Escape	O
From	O
Big	O
Ass	O
Castle	O
,	O
"	O
which	O
was	O
originally	O
released	O
in	O
2012	O
for	O
ios6	O
on	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
,	O
but	O
has	O
been	O
taken	O
off	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
to	O
be	O
redone	O
for	O
the	O
io7	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Released	O
in	O
2000	B-Application
,	O
the	O
plot	O
involved	O
an	O
accident	O
with	O
a	O
super-computer	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
nearby	O
workers	O
being	O
absorbed	O
inside	O
its	O
strange	O
artificial	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
