<s>
Pictorial	B-Application
maps	I-Application
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
illustrated	B-Application
maps	I-Application
,	O
panoramic	B-Application
maps	I-Application
,	O
perspective	B-Application
maps	I-Application
,	O
bird’s-eye	O
view	O
maps	O
,	O
and	O
geopictorial	B-Application
maps	I-Application
)	O
depict	O
a	O
given	O
territory	O
with	O
a	O
more	O
artistic	O
rather	O
than	O
technical	O
style	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drawn	O
by	O
specialized	O
artists	O
and	O
illustrators	O
,	O
pictorial	B-Application
maps	I-Application
are	O
a	O
rich	O
,	O
centuries-old	O
tradition	O
and	O
a	O
diverse	O
art	O
form	O
that	O
ranges	O
from	O
cartoon	B-Application
maps	I-Application
on	O
restaurant	O
placemats	O
to	O
treasured	O
art	O
prints	O
in	O
museums	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pictorial	B-Application
maps	I-Application
usually	O
show	O
an	O
area	O
as	O
if	O
viewed	O
from	O
above	O
at	O
an	O
oblique	O
angle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
regular	O
maps	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
accurate	O
rendition	O
of	O
distances	O
,	O
pictorial	B-Application
maps	I-Application
enhance	O
landmarks	O
and	O
often	O
incorporate	O
a	O
complex	O
interplay	O
of	O
different	O
scales	O
into	O
one	O
image	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
viewer	O
a	O
more	O
familiar	O
sense	O
of	O
recognition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
history	O
of	O
pictorial	B-Application
maps	I-Application
overlaps	O
much	O
with	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
cartography	O
in	O
general	O
,	O
and	O
ancient	O
artifacts	O
suggest	O
that	O
pictorial	O
mapping	O
has	O
been	O
around	O
since	O
recorded	O
history	O
began	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
printing	O
came	O
around	O
,	O
pictorial	B-Application
maps	I-Application
evolved	O
into	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
forms	O
of	O
advertising	O
as	O
cities	O
competed	O
amongst	O
themselves	O
to	O
attract	O
larger	O
shares	O
of	O
the	O
known	O
world	O
’s	O
commerce	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Between	O
1825	O
and	O
1875	O
,	O
the	O
production	O
and	O
collection	O
of	O
panoramic	B-Application
maps	I-Application
of	O
cities	O
rose	O
to	O
something	O
of	O
a	O
mania	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
U.S.	O
alone	O
,	O
thousands	O
of	O
panoramic	B-Application
maps	I-Application
were	O
produced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
leading	O
panoramic	B-Application
map	I-Application
artists	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.A.	O
were	O
Herman	O
Brosius	O
,	O
Camille	O
N	O
.	O
Drie	O
,	O
Thaddeus	O
Mortimer	O
Fowler	O
,	O
Paul	O
Giraud	O
,	O
Augustus	O
Koch	O
,	O
D	O
.	O
D	O
.	O
Morse	O
,	O
Henry	O
Welge	O
,	O
and	O
A	O
.	O
L	O
.	O
Westyard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
examples	O
of	O
the	O
pictorial	B-Application
maps	I-Application
was	O
published	O
in	O
the	O
German	O
arts	O
magazine	O
Das	O
Plakat	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
were	O
the	O
reproductions	O
of	O
two	O
political	O
cartoon	B-Application
maps	I-Application
of	O
Europe	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
produced	O
by	O
Paul	O
Hadol	O
in	O
1870	O
and	O
by	O
Walter	O
Trier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Edwin	O
Whitefield	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
more	O
prolific	O
19th-century	O
American	O
pictorial	B-Application
map	I-Application
artists	O
,	O
would	O
require	O
about	O
200	O
subscribers	O
before	O
he	O
put	O
pen	O
to	O
paper	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Says	O
Jean-Louis	O
Rheault	O
,	O
a	O
contemporary	O
pictorial	B-Application
map	I-Application
illustrator	O
:	O
"	O
Pictorial	B-Application
maps	I-Application
-	O
with	O
their	O
emphasis	O
on	O
what	O
's	O
important	O
and	O
eye-catching	O
-	O
make	O
it	O
easier	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
what	O
's	O
where.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
type	O
of	O
pictorial	B-Application
maps	I-Application
are	O
maps	O
that	O
use	O
anthropomorphic	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
