<s>
The	O
Pick	B-Application
Operating	I-Application
System	I-Application
(	O
Pick	B-Application
System	I-Application
or	O
Pick	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
demand-paged	B-General_Concept
,	O
multi-user	B-Operating_System
,	O
virtual	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
,	O
time-sharing	B-General_Concept
computer	B-General_Concept
operating	I-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
based	O
around	O
a	O
MultiValue	B-Application
database	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pick	O
is	O
used	O
primarily	O
for	O
business	O
data	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
named	O
after	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
developers	O
,	O
Dick	B-Application
Pick	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
Pick	B-Application
system	I-Application
"	O
has	O
also	O
come	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
general	O
name	O
of	O
all	O
operating	B-Application
environments	I-Application
which	O
employ	O
this	O
multivalued	O
database	O
and	O
have	O
some	O
implementation	O
of	O
Pick/BASIC	O
and	O
ENGLISH/Access	O
queries	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
Pick	O
started	O
on	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
minicomputers	B-Architecture
,	O
the	O
system	O
and	O
its	O
various	O
implementations	O
eventually	O
spread	O
to	O
a	O
large	O
assortment	O
of	O
microcomputers	B-Architecture
,	O
personal	O
computers	O
,	O
and	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
computers	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pick	B-Application
Operating	I-Application
System	I-Application
consists	O
of	O
a	O
database	O
,	O
dictionary	B-Application
,	O
query	B-Language
language	O
,	O
procedural	O
language	O
(	O
PROC	O
)	O
,	O
peripheral	O
management	O
,	O
multi-user	B-Operating_System
management	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
compiled	O
BASIC	O
Programming	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
database	O
is	O
a	O
'	O
hash-file	B-Algorithm
'	O
data	O
management	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
hash-file	B-Algorithm
system	O
is	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
dynamic	O
associative	B-Application
arrays	I-Application
which	O
are	O
organized	O
altogether	O
and	O
linked	O
and	O
controlled	O
using	O
associative	O
files	O
as	O
a	O
database	B-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Being	O
hash-file	B-Algorithm
oriented	O
,	O
Pick	O
provides	O
efficiency	O
in	O
data	O
access	B-Language
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
,	O
all	O
data	O
structures	O
in	O
Pick	O
were	O
hash-files	O
(	O
at	O
the	O
lowest	O
level	O
)	O
meaning	O
records	O
are	O
stored	O
as	O
associated	O
couplets	O
of	O
a	O
primary	O
key	O
to	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
values	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
a	O
Pick	B-Application
system	I-Application
can	O
also	O
natively	O
access	B-Language
host	O
files	O
in	O
Windows	O
or	O
Unix	B-Application
in	O
any	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Pick	B-Application
database	I-Application
is	O
divided	O
into	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
accounts	O
,	O
master	O
dictionaries	B-Application
,	O
dictionaries	B-Application
,	O
files	O
,	O
and	O
sub-files	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
hash-table	B-Algorithm
oriented	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
file	O
hierarchy	O
is	O
roughly	O
equivalent	O
to	O
the	O
common	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
hierarchy	O
of	O
directories	O
,	O
sub-directories	O
,	O
and	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
master	O
dictionary	B-Application
is	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
directory	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
stores	O
pointers	O
to	O
other	O
dictionaries	B-Application
,	O
files	O
and	O
executable	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
master	O
dictionary	B-Application
also	O
contains	O
the	O
command-line	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
files	O
(	O
accounts	O
,	O
dictionaries	B-Application
,	O
files	O
,	O
sub-files	O
)	O
are	O
organized	O
identically	O
,	O
as	O
are	O
all	O
records	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
'	O
find	O
 '	O
command	O
will	O
find	O
and	O
report	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
a	O
word	O
or	O
phrase	O
in	O
a	O
file	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
operate	O
on	O
any	O
account	O
,	O
dictionary	B-Application
,	O
file	O
or	O
sub-file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
retrieve	O
a	O
record	O
,	O
its	O
key	O
is	O
hashed	B-Error_Name
and	O
the	O
resultant	O
value	O
specifies	O
which	O
of	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
discrete	O
"	O
buckets	O
"	O
(	O
called	O
"	O
groups	O
"	O
)	O
to	O
look	O
in	O
for	O
the	O
record	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
modern	O
multi-value	O
databases	B-Application
have	O
a	O
special	O
file-type	O
which	O
changes	O
extent	O
dynamically	O
as	O
the	O
file	O
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
use	O
a	O
technique	O
called	O
linear	B-Algorithm
hashing	I-Algorithm
,	O
whose	O
cost	O
is	O
proportional	O
to	O
the	O
change	O
in	O
file	O
size	O
,	O
not	O
(	O
as	O
in	O
typical	O
hashed	B-Error_Name
files	O
)	O
the	O
file	O
size	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Around	O
1990	O
,	O
a	O
B-tree	B-Architecture
indexing	O
feature	O
was	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
feature	O
made	O
secondary	O
key	O
look-ups	O
operate	O
much	O
like	O
keyed	O
inquiries	O
of	O
any	O
other	O
database	B-Application
system	I-Application
:	O
requiring	O
at	O
least	O
two	O
disk	O
reads	O
(	O
a	O
key	O
read	O
then	O
a	O
data-record	O
read	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
level	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
dictionary	B-Application
"	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Files	O
created	O
with	O
only	O
one	O
level	O
are	O
,	O
by	O
default	O
,	O
dictionary	B-Application
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
Pick	B-Application
system	I-Application
allow	O
multiple	O
data	O
levels	O
to	O
be	O
linked	O
to	O
one	O
dictionary	B-Application
level	O
file	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
case	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
multiple	O
data-level	O
identifiers	O
in	O
the	O
dictionary	B-Application
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Pick	B-Application
database	I-Application
has	O
no	O
data	O
typing	O
,	O
since	O
all	O
data	O
is	O
stored	O
as	O
characters	O
,	O
including	O
numbers	O
(	O
which	O
are	O
stored	O
as	O
character	O
decimal	O
digits	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
a	O
logical	O
document	O
in	O
Pick	O
is	O
not	O
fragmented	O
(	O
as	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
in	O
SQL	B-Language
)	O
,	O
intra-record	O
integrity	O
is	O
automatic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
to	O
many	O
SQL	B-Language
database	I-Language
systems	O
,	O
Pick	O
allows	O
for	O
multiple	O
,	O
pre-computed	O
field	O
aliases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
customer	O
's	O
data	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
name	O
and	O
address	O
,	O
are	O
"	O
joined	O
"	O
from	O
the	O
customer	O
file	O
into	O
the	O
invoice	O
file	O
via	O
a	O
synonym	O
definition	O
of	O
"	O
customer	O
number	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
invoice	O
"	O
dictionary	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
why	O
these	O
databases	B-Application
are	O
sometimes	O
called	O
NF2	O
or	O
NF-squared	O
databases	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pick	O
was	O
originally	O
implemented	O
as	O
the	O
Generalized	O
Information	O
Retrieval	O
Language	O
System	O
(	O
GIRLS	O
)	O
on	O
an	O
IBM	B-Application
System/360	I-Application
in	O
1965	O
by	O
Don	O
Nelson	O
and	O
Dick	B-Application
Pick	I-Application
at	O
TRW	O
,	O
whose	O
government	O
contract	O
for	O
the	O
Cheyenne	O
Helicopter	O
project	O
required	O
developing	O
a	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pick	O
was	O
subsequently	O
commercially	O
released	O
in	O
1973	O
by	O
Microdata	O
Corporation	O
(	O
and	O
its	O
British	O
distributor	O
CMC	O
)	O
as	O
the	O
Reality	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
now	O
supplied	O
by	O
Northgate	O
Information	O
Solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
on	O
the	O
Microdata	O
implementation	O
,	O
and	O
subsequently	O
implemented	O
on	O
all	O
Pick	B-Application
systems	I-Application
,	O
a	O
BASIC	O
language	O
called	O
Data/BASIC	O
with	O
numerous	O
syntax	O
extensions	O
for	O
smart	O
terminal	O
interface	O
and	O
database	O
operations	O
was	O
the	O
primary	O
programming	O
language	O
for	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
PROC	O
procedure	O
language	O
was	O
provided	O
for	O
executing	O
scripts	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
SQL-style	O
language	O
called	O
ENGLISH	O
allowed	O
database	O
retrieval	O
and	O
reporting	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
updates	O
(	O
although	O
later	O
,	O
the	O
ENGLISH	O
command	O
"	O
REFORMAT	O
"	O
allowed	O
updates	O
on	O
a	O
batch	O
basis	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nor	O
did	O
it	O
directly	O
provide	O
common	O
relational	B-Application
capabilities	O
such	O
as	O
joins	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
because	O
powerful	O
data	B-Application
dictionary	I-Application
redefinitions	O
for	O
a	O
field	O
allowed	O
joins	O
via	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
a	O
calculated	O
lookup	O
in	O
another	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
included	O
a	O
spooler	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
simple	O
text	B-Application
editor	I-Application
for	O
file-system	O
records	O
was	O
provided	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
editor	O
was	O
only	O
suitable	O
for	O
system	O
maintenance	O
,	O
and	O
could	O
not	O
lock	O
records	O
,	O
so	O
most	O
applications	O
were	O
written	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
tools	O
such	O
as	O
Batch	O
,	O
RPL	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
BASIC	O
language	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
ensure	O
data	O
validation	O
and	O
allow	O
record	B-Operating_System
locking	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
early	O
1980s	O
observers	O
saw	O
the	O
Pick	B-Application
Operating	I-Application
System	I-Application
as	O
a	O
strong	O
competitor	O
to	O
Unix	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
BYTE	B-Application
in	O
1984	O
stated	O
that	O
"	O
Pick	O
is	O
simple	O
and	O
powerful	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
efficient	O
and	O
reliable	O
,	O
too	O
...	O
because	O
it	O
works	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
multiuser	B-Operating_System
system	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
probably	O
the	O
most	O
cost-effective	O
way	O
to	O
use	O
an	O
XT	B-Device
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dick	B-Application
Pick	I-Application
founded	O
Pick	O
&	O
Associates	O
,	O
later	O
renamed	O
Pick	B-Application
Systems	I-Application
,	O
then	O
Raining	O
Data	O
,	O
then	O
(	O
)	O
TigerLogic	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
Rocket	O
Software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Those	O
previously	O
sold	O
by	O
IBM	O
under	O
the	O
"	O
U2	B-Application
"	O
umbrella	O
are	O
known	O
as	O
UniData	B-Application
and	O
UniVerse	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rocket	O
Software	O
purchased	O
IBM	O
's	O
U2	B-Application
family	O
of	O
products	O
in	O
2010	O
and	O
TigerLogic	O
's	O
D3	O
and	O
mvBase	O
family	O
of	O
products	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
,	O
Rocket	O
acquired	O
OpenQM	B-Application
and	O
jBASE	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dick	B-Application
Pick	I-Application
died	O
aged	O
56	O
of	O
stroke	O
complications	O
in	O
October	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pick	B-Application
Systems	I-Application
often	O
became	O
tangled	O
in	O
licensing	O
litigation	O
,	O
and	O
devoted	O
relatively	O
little	O
effort	O
to	O
marketing	O
and	O
improving	O
its	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Subsequent	O
ports	O
of	O
Pick	O
to	O
other	O
platforms	O
generally	O
offered	O
the	O
same	O
tools	O
and	O
capabilities	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
,	O
usually	O
with	O
relatively	O
minor	O
improvements	O
and	O
simply	O
renamed	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
Data/BASIC	O
became	O
Pick/BASIC	O
and	O
ENGLISH	O
became	O
ACCESS	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Licensees	O
often	O
developed	O
proprietary	B-Application
variations	O
and	O
enhancements	O
;	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
Microdata	O
created	O
an	O
input	O
processor	O
called	O
ScreenPro	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pick	B-Application
database	I-Application
was	O
licensed	O
to	O
roughly	O
three	O
dozen	O
licensees	O
between	O
1978	O
and	O
1984	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reality	O
–	O
The	O
first	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
Pick	B-Application
database	I-Application
was	O
on	O
a	O
Microdata	O
platform	O
using	O
firmware	B-Application
and	O
called	O
Reality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Microdata	O
implementations	O
ran	O
in	O
firmware	B-Application
,	O
so	O
each	O
upgrade	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
accompanied	O
by	O
a	O
new	O
configuration	O
chip	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
Reality	O
Sequoia	O
and	O
Pegasus	O
series	O
of	O
computers	O
,	O
Microdata	O
and	O
CMC	O
Ltd	O
.	O
sold	O
the	O
Sequel	B-Language
(	O
Sequoia	O
)	O
series	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
much	O
larger	O
class	O
able	O
to	O
handle	O
over	O
1000	O
simultaneous	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
earlier	O
Reality	O
minicomputers	B-Architecture
were	O
known	O
to	O
handle	O
well	O
over	O
200	O
simultaneous	O
users	O
,	O
although	O
performance	O
was	O
slow	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
above	O
the	O
official	O
limit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ultimate	O
–	O
The	O
second	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
Pick	B-Application
database	I-Application
was	O
developed	O
in	O
about	O
1978	O
by	O
an	O
American	O
company	O
called	O
The	O
Ultimate	O
Corp	O
,	O
run	O
by	O
Ted	O
Sabarese	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
earlier	O
Microdata	O
port	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
a	O
firmware	B-Application
implementation	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
Pick	O
instruction	O
set	O
in	O
firmware	B-Application
and	O
the	O
monitor	O
in	O
assembly	B-Language
code	I-Language
on	O
a	O
Honeywell	B-Device
Level	I-Device
6	I-Device
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
had	O
dual	O
personalities	O
in	O
that	O
the	O
monitor/kernel	O
functions	O
(	O
mostly	O
hardware	O
I/O	O
and	O
scheduling	O
)	O
were	O
executed	O
by	O
the	O
native	O
Honeywell	B-Device
Level	I-Device
6	I-Device
instruction	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
monitor	O
"	O
select	O
next	O
user	O
"	O
for	O
activation	O
control	O
was	O
passed	O
to	O
the	O
Honeywell	O
WCS	O
(	O
writable	O
control	O
store	O
)	O
to	O
execute	O
Pick	O
assembler	B-Language
code	I-Language
(	O
implemented	O
in	O
microcode	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
selected	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ultimate	O
took	O
this	O
concept	O
further	O
with	O
the	O
DEC	O
LSI/11	O
family	O
of	O
products	O
by	O
implementing	O
a	O
co-processor	O
in	O
hardware	O
(	O
bit-slice	O
,	O
firmware	B-Application
driven	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
LSI11	O
CPU	O
executed	O
the	O
monitor	O
functions	O
and	O
the	O
co-processor	O
executed	O
the	O
Pick	O
assembler	B-Language
instruction	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
co-processor	O
concept	O
was	O
used	O
again	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
5×	O
,	O
7×	O
,	O
and	O
dual-7	O
×	O
versions	O
for	O
Honeywell	B-Device
Level	I-Device
6	I-Device
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ultimate	O
enjoyed	O
moderate	O
success	O
during	O
the	O
1980s	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
included	O
an	O
implementation	O
running	O
as	O
a	O
layer	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
DEC	O
VAX	O
systems	O
,	O
the	O
750	O
,	O
780	O
,	O
785	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
the	O
MicroVAX	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ultimate	O
also	O
had	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
Ultimate	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
running	O
on	O
IBM	O
370	O
series	O
systems	O
(	O
under	O
VM	O
and	O
native	O
)	O
and	O
also	O
the	O
9370	O
series	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prime	O
INFORMATION	O
–	O
Devcom	O
,	O
a	O
Microdata	O
reseller	O
,	O
wrote	O
a	O
Pick-style	O
database	B-Application
system	I-Application
called	O
INFORMATION	O
in	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
and	O
assembler	B-Language
in	O
1979	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
Prime	O
Computer	O
50-series	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
subsequently	O
sold	O
to	O
VMark	B-Application
Software	I-Application
Inc	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
of	O
the	O
guest	O
operating	B-Application
environment	I-Application
implementations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
INFO/BASIC	O
,	O
a	O
variant	O
of	O
Dartmouth	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
,	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
database	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applied	B-Device
Digital	I-Device
Data	I-Device
Systems	I-Device
(	O
ADDS	O
)	O
–	O
First	O
developed	O
in	O
1981	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
Mentor	O
"	O
line	O
was	O
initially	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Zilog	O
Z-8000	O
chipset	O
and	O
this	O
port	O
set	O
off	O
a	O
flurry	O
of	O
other	O
software	O
implementations	O
across	O
a	O
wide	O
array	O
of	O
processors	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
emphasis	O
on	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Device
68000	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
UniVerse	B-Application
–	O
Another	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
called	O
UniVerse	B-Application
,	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
VMark	O
Software	O
and	O
operated	O
under	O
Unix	B-Application
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
one	O
to	O
incorporate	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
emulate	O
other	O
implementations	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Microdata	O
's	O
Reality	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
Prime	O
INFORMATION	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
running	O
on	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
it	O
was	O
later	O
also	O
made	O
available	O
for	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
The	O
systems	O
developed	O
by	O
Prime	O
Computer	O
and	O
VMark	O
are	O
now	O
owned	O
by	O
Rocket	O
Software	O
and	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
U2	B-Application
"	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
UniData	B-Application
–	O
Very	O
similar	O
to	O
UniVerse	B-Application
,	O
but	O
UniData	B-Application
had	O
facilities	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
other	O
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
PI/open	O
–	O
Prime	O
Computer	O
rewrote	O
Prime	O
INFORMATION	O
in	O
C	O
for	O
the	O
Unix-based	O
systems	O
it	O
was	O
selling	O
,	O
calling	O
it	O
PI+	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
then	O
ported	O
to	O
other	O
Unix	B-Application
systems	I-Application
offered	O
by	O
other	O
hardware	O
vendors	O
and	O
renamed	O
PI/open	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Revelation	O
–	O
In	O
1984	O
,	O
Cosmos	O
released	O
a	O
Pick-style	O
database	O
called	O
Revelation	O
,	O
later	O
Advanced	O
Revelation	O
,	O
for	O
DOS	B-Device
on	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
jBASE	O
compiles	O
applications	O
to	O
native	O
machine	O
code	O
form	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
to	O
an	O
intermediate	O
byte	B-Application
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
14	O
Oct	O
2021	O
,	O
Zumasys	O
announced	O
they	O
had	O
sold	O
their	O
databases	B-Application
and	O
tools	O
,	O
including	O
jBASE	O
to	O
Rocket	O
Software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenQM	B-Application
–	O
The	O
only	O
MultiValue	B-Application
database	I-Application
product	O
available	O
both	O
as	O
a	O
fully	O
supported	O
non-open	O
source	O
commercial	O
product	O
and	O
in	O
open	O
source	O
form	O
under	O
the	O
General	B-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenQM	B-Application
is	O
available	O
from	O
its	O
exclusive	O
worldwide	O
distributor	O
,	O
Zumasys	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caché	B-Language
–	O
In	O
2005	O
InterSystems	B-Application
,	O
the	O
maker	O
of	O
Caché	B-Language
database	O
,	O
announced	O
support	O
for	O
a	O
broad	O
set	O
of	O
MultiValue	B-Application
extensions	O
,	O
Caché	B-Language
for	O
MultiValue	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ONware	O
–	O
ONware	O
equips	O
MultiValue	B-Application
applications	O
with	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
use	O
common	O
databases	B-Application
such	O
as	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
and	O
SQL	B-Application
Server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
ONware	O
,	O
MultiValue	B-Application
applications	O
can	O
be	O
integrated	O
with	O
relational	B-Application
,	O
object	O
,	O
and	O
object-relational	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
D3	O
–	O
Pick	B-Application
Systems	I-Application
ported	O
the	O
Pick	B-Application
Operating	I-Application
System	I-Application
to	O
run	O
as	O
a	O
database	O
product	O
utilizing	O
host	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
such	O
as	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
or	O
Windows	B-Device
servers	I-Device
,	O
with	O
the	O
data	O
stored	O
within	O
the	O
file	O
system	O
of	O
the	O
host	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previous	O
Unix	B-Application
or	O
Windows	O
versions	O
had	O
to	O
run	O
in	O
a	O
separate	O
partition	O
,	O
which	O
made	O
interfacing	O
with	O
other	O
applications	O
difficult	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
D3	O
releases	O
opened	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
integrating	O
internet	O
access	B-Language
to	O
the	O
database	O
or	O
interfacing	O
to	O
popular	O
word	O
processing	O
and	O
spreadsheet	O
applications	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
successfully	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
D3	O
family	O
of	O
databases	B-Application
and	O
related	O
tools	O
is	O
owned	O
and	O
distributed	O
by	O
Rocket	O
Software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
the	O
implementations	O
above	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
,	O
Pick-like	O
systems	O
became	O
available	O
as	O
database	O
,	O
programming	O
,	O
and	O
emulation	O
environments	O
running	O
under	O
many	O
variants	O
of	O
Unix	B-Application
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
.	O
</s>
