<s>
Phylo	B-Operating_System
is	O
an	O
experimental	O
video	O
game	O
about	O
multiple	O
sequence	O
alignment	O
optimisation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developed	O
by	O
the	O
McGill	O
Centre	O
for	O
Bioinformatics	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
originally	O
released	O
as	O
a	O
free	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
game	O
in	O
November	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
nucleotide	O
sequences	O
generated	O
by	O
Phylo	B-Operating_System
are	O
obtained	O
from	O
actual	O
sequence	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
UCSC	O
Genome	O
Browser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Phylo	B-Operating_System
uses	O
human-based	O
computation	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
interactive	O
genetic	O
algorithm	O
to	O
solve	O
the	O
multiple	O
sequence	O
alignment	O
problem	O
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Generation	O
of	O
the	O
ancestral	O
sequences	O
and	O
parsimony	O
scoring	O
is	O
still	O
computed	O
using	O
a	O
variation	O
of	O
the	O
Fitch	O
–	O
Margoliash	O
method	O
,	O
but	O
Phylo	B-Operating_System
abstracts	O
the	O
genetic	O
sequences	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
UCSC	O
Genome	O
Browser	B-Application
into	O
a	O
pattern-matching	O
game	O
,	O
allowing	O
human	O
players	O
to	O
suggest	O
the	O
most	O
likely	O
alignment	O
rather	O
than	O
algorithmically	O
considering	O
all	O
possible	O
trees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
puzzle	O
in	O
Phylo	B-Operating_System
is	O
categorized	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
total	O
sequence	O
fragments	O
to	O
be	O
aligned	O
and	O
a	O
disease	O
that	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
that	O
fragment	O
in	O
humans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
v	O
3.1.5	O
)	O
,	O
Phylo	B-Operating_System
comes	O
in	O
three	O
game	O
modes	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
Phylo	B-Operating_System
developers	O
built	O
a	O
webserver	O
called	O
Open-Phylo	O
(	O
now	O
defunct	O
)	O
that	O
allows	O
researchers	O
to	O
upload	O
their	O
own	O
sets	O
of	O
sequences	O
for	O
players	O
to	O
align	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
2017	O
report	O
on	O
five	O
years	O
of	O
historical	O
Phylo	B-Operating_System
data	O
reaches	O
a	O
similar	O
conclusion	O
.	O
</s>
