<s>
Photonic	B-Algorithm
crystal	I-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
use	O
photonic	O
crystals	O
:	O
nanostructures	O
composed	O
of	O
periodic	O
arrangements	O
of	O
dielectric	O
materials	O
that	O
interact	O
with	O
light	O
depending	O
on	O
their	O
particular	O
structure	O
,	O
reflecting	O
lights	O
of	O
specific	O
wavelengths	O
at	O
specific	O
angles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
inorganic	O
materials	O
,	O
variation	O
of	O
the	O
refractive	O
index	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
exploited	O
effect	O
in	O
sensing	O
,	O
while	O
periodicity	O
change	O
is	O
more	O
commonly	O
exhibited	O
in	O
polymer-based	O
sensors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developments	O
in	O
analysis	O
,	O
device	O
miniaturization	O
,	O
fluidic	O
design	O
and	O
integration	O
have	O
catapulted	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
integrated	O
photonic	B-Algorithm
crystal	I-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
in	O
what	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
lab-on-a-chip	O
devices	O
of	O
high	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
low	O
limit	O
of	O
detection	O
,	O
faster	O
response	O
time	O
and	O
low	O
cost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
alter	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
polymer-based	O
structures	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
periodicity	O
leading	O
to	O
a	O
similar	O
end	O
effect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Different	O
mechanical	O
signals	O
such	O
as	O
pressure	O
,	O
strain	O
,	O
torsion	O
and	O
bending	O
can	O
be	O
detected	O
with	O
photonic	B-Algorithm
crystal	I-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Synthetic	B-Language
opals	I-Language
are	O
three	O
dimensional	O
photonic	O
crystals	O
usually	O
made	O
of	O
self-assembled	O
nanospheres	O
of	O
diameters	O
on	O
the	O
order	O
of	O
hundreds	O
of	O
nanometers	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
high	O
refractive	O
index	O
material	O
is	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
spheres	O
and	O
the	O
low-index	O
material	O
is	O
air	O
or	O
another	O
filler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
inverse	O
opals	B-Language
are	O
structures	O
where	O
the	O
interstitial	O
space	O
between	O
the	O
spheres	O
is	O
filled	O
with	O
another	O
material	O
and	O
the	O
spheres	O
are	O
consequently	O
removed	O
,	O
providing	O
a	O
larger	O
free	O
volume	O
for	O
faster	O
diffusion	O
of	O
chemical	O
species	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
sputtered	O
porous	O
inorganic	O
sensors	O
,	O
spin-coated	O
polymer	B-Language
sensors	O
and	O
self-assembled	O
block-copolymers	O
are	O
a	O
few	O
of	O
the	O
commonly	O
used	O
planar	O
1D	O
structures	O
.	O
</s>
