<s>
After	O
the	O
company	O
developed	O
the	O
surface	O
barrier	O
transistor	B-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
much	O
faster	O
than	O
previous	O
point-contact	O
types	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
awarded	O
contracts	O
for	O
military	O
and	O
government	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TRANSAC	O
(	O
Transistor	B-Application
Automatic	O
Computer	O
)	O
Model	O
S-1000	O
was	O
released	O
as	O
a	O
scientific	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
companies	O
could	O
not	O
deploy	O
resources	O
for	O
development	O
,	O
customer	O
support	O
and	O
marketing	O
on	O
the	O
scale	O
that	O
IBM	O
could	O
afford	O
,	O
making	O
competition	O
in	O
this	O
segment	O
difficult	O
after	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
IBM	B-Application
360	I-Application
family	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
surface-barrier	O
transistor	B-Application
developed	O
by	O
Philco	O
in	O
1953	O
had	O
a	O
much	O
higher	O
frequency	O
response	O
than	O
the	O
original	O
point-contact	O
transistors	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
transistor	B-Application
was	O
made	O
of	O
a	O
thin	O
crystal	O
of	O
germanium	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
electrolytically	O
etched	O
with	O
pits	O
on	O
either	O
side	O
forming	O
a	O
very	O
thin	O
base	O
region	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
order	O
of	O
5	O
micrometers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Philco	O
surface-barrier	O
transistors	B-Application
were	O
used	O
in	O
TX-0	B-Device
,	O
and	O
in	O
early	O
models	O
of	O
what	O
would	O
become	O
the	O
DEC	B-Device
PDP	I-Device
product	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Between	O
1955	O
and	O
1957	O
,	O
Philco	O
built	O
transistor	B-Application
computers	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
aircraft	O
,	O
models	O
C-1000	O
,	O
C-1100	O
,	O
and	O
C-1102	O
,	O
intended	O
for	O
airborne	O
real-time	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BASICPAC	O
AN/TYK	O
6V	O
(	O
first	O
delivery	O
in	O
1961	O
)	O
,	O
COMPAC	O
AN/TYK	O
4V	O
(	O
not	O
completed	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
LOGICPAC	O
systems	O
were	O
built	O
for	O
the	O
US	O
Army	O
as	O
transportable	O
computer	O
systems	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
their	O
Fieldata	B-Device
concept	O
of	O
integrated	O
information	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BASICPAC	O
was	O
a	O
transistorized	O
computer	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
28,672	O
words	O
of	O
38-bit	O
core	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
(	O
including	O
sign	O
and	O
parity	O
)	O
,	O
available	O
in	O
several	O
configurations	O
from	O
a	O
minimum	O
system	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
truck-borne	O
mobile	O
version	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
fully	O
expanded	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1955	O
,	O
the	O
National	O
Security	O
Agency	O
through	O
the	O
US	O
Navy	O
contracted	O
with	O
Philco	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
computer	O
suitable	O
for	O
use	O
as	O
a	O
workstation	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
architecture	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
vacuum-tube	O
computer	O
system	O
called	O
Atlas	O
II	O
already	O
in	O
use	O
at	O
the	O
NSA	O
,	O
and	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
commercial	O
UNIVAC	B-Device
1103	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
Philco	O
was	O
the	O
largest	O
producer	O
of	O
surface	O
barrier	O
transistors	B-Application
,	O
which	O
were	O
the	O
only	O
type	O
available	O
with	O
the	O
speed	O
and	O
quantities	O
required	O
for	O
a	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Difficulties	O
were	O
encountered	O
with	O
core	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
and	O
power	O
supplies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SOLO	O
cost	O
about	O
$1	O
million	O
US	O
,	O
and	O
contained	O
8,000	O
transistors	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TRANSAC	O
S-1000	O
was	O
a	O
scientific	O
computer	O
with	O
a	O
36-bit	O
word	O
length	O
and	O
4096	O
words	O
of	O
core	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
S-2000	O
"	O
TRANSAC	O
"	O
(	O
Transistor	B-Application
Automatic	O
Computer	O
)	O
released	O
in	O
1958	O
was	O
later	O
designated	O
Model	O
210	O
;	O
it	O
was	O
used	O
internally	O
at	O
Philco	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
to	O
the	O
Control	O
Data	O
Corporation	O
Model	O
1604	B-Device
,	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
48-bit	O
fully	O
transistorized	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Model	O
211	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
1960	O
,	O
using	O
micro-alloy	O
diffused	O
field-effect	O
transistors	B-Application
,	O
requiring	O
significant	O
redesign	O
of	O
circuits	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
made	O
with	O
6-microsecond	O
core	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
,	O
it	O
had	O
better	O
performance	O
than	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
7094	I-Device
transistor	B-Application
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
later	O
upgraded	O
in	O
1964	O
to	O
2-microsecond	O
core	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
gave	O
the	O
machine	O
floating-point	O
performance	O
greater	O
than	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
7030	I-Device
Stretch	I-Device
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
word	O
contained	O
two	O
24-bit	O
instructions	O
with	O
16	O
bits	O
of	O
address	O
information	O
and	O
eight	O
bits	O
for	O
the	O
opcode	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
were	O
225	O
different	O
valid	O
opcodes	B-Language
in	O
the	O
Model	O
212	O
;	O
invalid	O
opcodes	B-Language
were	O
detected	O
and	O
halted	O
the	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	O
for	O
the	O
S-2000	O
initially	O
consisted	O
of	O
TAC	O
(	O
Translator-Assember-Compiler	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
ALTAC	O
,	O
a	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
II-like	O
language	O
with	O
some	O
differences	O
from	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
704	I-Device
FORTRAN	B-Application
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
COBOL	B-Application
compiler	O
was	O
also	O
available	O
,	O
targeted	O
at	O
business	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
2400	O
had	O
a	O
24-bit	O
word	O
length	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
supplied	O
with	O
4K	O
to	O
32K	O
characters	O
(	O
1K	O
to	O
8K	O
words	O
)	O
of	O
core	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
,	O
rated	O
at	O
3-microsecond	O
cycle	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
idea	O
of	O
base	O
registers	O
,	O
implemented	O
in	O
Philco	O
computers	O
,	O
influenced	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
IBM/360	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
Philco	B-Device
TRANSAC	I-Device
S-2000	I-Device
Model	O
212	O
was	O
taken	O
out	O
of	O
service	O
in	O
December	O
1981	O
,	O
after	O
19	O
years	O
service	O
at	O
Ford	O
.	O
</s>
