<s>
Pharo	B-Language
is	O
an	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
,	O
cross-platform	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
classic	O
Smalltalk-80	B-Application
programming	O
language	O
and	O
runtime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
's	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
OpenSmalltalk	O
virtual	O
machine	O
called	O
Cog	O
(	O
VM	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
evaluates	O
a	O
dynamic	O
,	O
reflective	B-Language
,	O
and	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
with	O
a	O
syntax	O
closely	O
resembling	O
Smalltalk-80	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pharo	B-Language
is	O
shipped	O
with	O
a	O
source	O
code	O
compiled	O
into	O
a	O
system	O
image	O
that	O
contains	O
all	O
software	O
necessary	O
to	O
run	O
Pharo	B-Language
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
original	O
Smalltalk-80	B-Application
,	O
Pharo	B-Language
provides	O
several	O
live	B-Application
programming	I-Application
features	O
such	O
as	O
immediate	O
object	O
manipulation	O
,	O
live	B-Language
updates	I-Language
,	O
and	O
just-in-time	O
compilation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pharo	B-Language
was	O
forked	O
from	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
v3.9	O
in	O
March	O
of	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pharo	B-Language
is	O
a	O
pure	O
object-oriented	B-Language
dynamically	O
typed	O
and	O
reflective	B-Language
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
stated	O
goal	O
of	O
Pharo	B-Language
is	O
to	O
revisit	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
design	O
and	O
enhance	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
Pharo	B-Language
comes	O
from	O
the	O
French	O
word	O
"	O
phare	O
"	O
(	O
)	O
which	O
means	O
lighthouse	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
why	O
the	O
Pharo	B-Language
logo	O
shows	O
a	O
drawing	O
of	O
a	O
lighthouse	O
inside	O
the	O
final	O
letter	O
O	O
of	O
the	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pharo	B-Language
is	O
based	O
on	O
general	O
concepts	O
of	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
but	O
seeks	O
to	O
improve	O
on	O
them	O
so	O
does	O
not	O
limit	O
itself	O
to	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
basic	O
syntax	O
of	O
the	O
language	O
has	O
a	O
close	O
resemblance	O
to	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
way	O
classes	O
are	O
defined	O
in	O
Pharo	B-Language
differs	O
from	O
other	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
dialects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pharo	B-Language
syntax	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
Smalltalk-80	B-Application
language	O
syntax	O
with	O
several	O
extensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
these	O
are	O
common	O
among	O
modern	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
dialects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Smalltalk-80	B-Application
the	O
pragmas	O
are	O
used	O
only	O
for	O
primitive	O
methods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pharo	B-Language
language	O
syntax	O
is	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
simple	O
and	O
minimalistic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pharo	B-Language
uses	O
as	O
the	O
preferred	O
code	O
serialization	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pharo	B-Language
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
fork	O
of	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
,	O
an	O
open-source	B-License
Smalltalk	B-Application
environment	O
created	O
by	O
the	O
Smalltalk-80	B-Application
team	O
(	O
Dan	O
Ingalls	O
and	O
Alan	O
Kay	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pharo	B-Language
was	O
created	O
by	O
S	O
.	O
Ducasse	O
and	O
M	O
.	O
Denker	O
in	O
March	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pharo	B-Language
is	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
Pharo	B-Language
consortium	O
(	O
for	O
legal	O
entities	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Pharo	B-Language
association	O
for	O
physical	O
persons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
Release	O
date	O
Major	O
features	O
March	O
16	O
,	O
2008	O
Fork	O
of	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
environment	O
Pharo	B-Language
1.0	O
April	O
15	O
,	O
2010	O
real	O
closures	O
,	O
EToys	O
and	O
MVC	O
removed	O
Pharo	B-Language
1.1	O
July	O
26	O
,	O
2010	O
Cog	O
JIT	O
VM	O
,	O
Settings	O
framework	O
Pharo	B-Language
1.2	O
March	O
29	O
,	O
2011	O
new	O
Finder	O
,	O
Recent	O
changes	O
tool	O
,	O
improved	O
Help	O
,	O
better	O
themes	O
Pharo	B-Language
1.3	O
August	O
2011	O
Zinc	O
,	O
headless	O
images	O
Pharo	B-Language
1.4	O
April	O
2012	O
Ring	O
metamodel	O
,	O
better	O
code	O
simulator	O
Pharo	B-Language
2.0	O
March	O
18	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O
browser	O
improvements	O
,	O
QA	O
tools	O
,	O
Fuel	O
serializer	O
,	O
better	O
files	O
API	O
Pharo	B-Language
3.0	O
April	O
2014	O
.	O
new	O
modular	O
compiler	O
(	O
Opal	O
)	O
and	O
debugger	O
,	O
continuations	O
Pharo	B-Language
4.0	O
April	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GTools	O
,	O
slots	O
Pharo	B-Language
5.0	O
May	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spur	O
VM	O
,	O
UFFI	O
,	O
improved	O
reflectivity	O
Pharo	B-Language
6.0	O
6	O
June	O
,	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
64-bit	O
and	O
Git	O
support	O
Pharo	B-Language
6.1	O
24	O
July	O
,	O
2017	O
.	O
improved	O
Git	O
support	O
Pharo	B-Language
7.0	O
22	O
January	O
,	O
2019	O
.	O
bootstrapping	O
,	O
new	O
code	O
browser	O
(	O
Calypso	O
)	O
,	O
stateful	O
traits	O
Pharo	B-Language
8.0	O
20	O
January	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O
improved	O
support	O
of	O
Git	O
,	O
testing	O
,	O
refactoring	O
and	O
Windows	B-Application
Pharo	B-Language
9.0	O
15	O
July	O
,	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
companies	O
use	O
Pharo	B-Language
for	O
their	O
development	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pharo	B-Language
consortium	O
was	O
created	O
for	O
companies	O
wishing	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
Pharo	B-Language
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pharo	B-Language
association	O
was	O
created	O
in	O
2011	O
for	O
users	O
wishing	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pharo	B-Language
relies	O
on	O
a	O
virtual	O
machine	O
that	O
is	O
written	O
almost	O
entirely	O
in	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beginning	O
in	O
2008	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
virtual	O
machine	O
(	O
Cog	O
)	O
for	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
,	O
Pharo	B-Language
and	O
Newspeak	B-Language
has	O
been	O
developed	O
that	O
has	O
a	O
level	O
of	O
performance	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
fastest	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
virtual	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
