<s>
Peukert	B-Algorithm
's	I-Algorithm
law	I-Algorithm
,	O
presented	O
by	O
the	O
German	O
scientist	O
in	O
1897	O
,	O
expresses	O
approximately	O
the	O
change	O
in	O
capacity	O
of	O
rechargeable	O
lead	B-Device
–	I-Device
acid	I-Device
batteries	I-Device
at	O
different	O
rates	O
of	O
discharge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
discharge	O
increases	O
,	O
the	O
battery	O
's	O
available	O
capacity	O
decreases	O
,	O
approximately	O
according	O
to	O
Peukert	B-Algorithm
's	I-Algorithm
law	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Peukert	B-Algorithm
's	I-Algorithm
law	I-Algorithm
describes	O
a	O
power	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
discharge	O
current	O
(	O
normalized	O
to	O
some	O
base	O
rated	O
current	O
)	O
and	O
delivered	O
capacity	O
(	O
normalized	O
to	O
the	O
rated	O
capacity	O
)	O
over	O
some	O
specified	O
range	O
of	O
discharge	O
currents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
a	O
lead	B-Device
–	I-Device
acid	I-Device
battery	I-Device
is	O
typically	O
between	O
1.1	O
and	O
1.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
different	O
lead-acid	B-Device
rechargeable	O
battery	O
technologies	O
it	O
generally	O
ranges	O
from	O
1.05	O
to	O
1.15	O
for	O
VRSLAB	O
AGM	O
batteries	O
,	O
from	O
1.1	O
to	O
1.25	O
for	O
gel	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
1.2	O
to	O
1.6	O
for	O
flooded	O
batteries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Peukert	B-Algorithm
constant	I-Algorithm
varies	O
with	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
the	O
battery	O
,	O
generally	O
increasing	O
(	O
getting	O
worse	O
)	O
with	O
age	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Application	O
at	O
low	O
discharge	O
rates	O
must	O
take	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
battery	O
self-discharge	B-Algorithm
current	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
is	O
the	O
Peukert	B-Algorithm
constant	I-Algorithm
(	O
dimensionless	O
)	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
is	O
the	O
Peukert	B-Algorithm
constant	I-Algorithm
(	O
dimensionless	O
)	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
the	O
above	O
example	O
,	O
if	O
a	O
battery	O
rated	O
for	O
100	O
ampere-hours	O
at	O
a	O
20-hour	O
rate	O
has	O
a	O
Peukert	B-Algorithm
constant	I-Algorithm
of	O
1.2	O
and	O
is	O
discharged	O
at	O
a	O
rate	O
of	O
10	O
amperes	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
fully	O
discharged	O
in	O
time	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
approximately	O
8.7	O
hours	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Peukert	B-Algorithm
's	I-Algorithm
law	I-Algorithm
,	O
taken	O
literally	O
,	O
would	O
imply	O
that	O
the	O
total	O
discharge	O
reaches	O
a	O
maximum	O
as	O
time	O
goes	O
to	O
infinity	O
and	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
discharge	O
goes	O
to	O
zero	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
of	O
course	O
impossible	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
battery	O
will	O
still	O
self-discharge	B-Algorithm
internally	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
zero	O
discharge	O
through	O
a	O
load	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
self	B-Algorithm
discharge	I-Algorithm
rate	I-Algorithm
depends	O
on	O
the	O
chemistry	O
and	O
ambient	O
temperature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Peukert	B-Algorithm
's	I-Algorithm
law	I-Algorithm
becomes	O
a	O
key	O
issue	O
in	O
a	O
battery	O
electric	O
vehicle	O
,	O
where	O
batteries	O
rated	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
20-hour	O
discharge	O
time	O
are	O
used	O
at	O
a	O
much	O
shorter	O
discharge	O
time	O
of	O
about	O
1	O
hour	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
misunderstanding	O
that	O
the	O
energy	O
not	O
delivered	O
by	O
the	O
battery	O
due	O
to	O
Peukert	B-Algorithm
's	I-Algorithm
law	I-Algorithm
is	O
"	O
lost	O
"	O
(	O
as	O
heat	O
for	O
example	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Given	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
active	O
material	O
will	O
diffuse	O
through	O
the	O
cell	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
sulfuric	O
acid	O
in	O
a	O
lead-acid	B-Device
battery	I-Device
will	O
diffuse	O
through	O
the	O
porous	O
lead	O
plates	O
and	O
separators	O
)	O
and	O
be	O
available	O
for	O
further	O
reaction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Peukert	B-Algorithm
's	I-Algorithm
law	I-Algorithm
brings	O
a	O
certain	O
degree	O
of	O
fire-safety	O
to	O
many	O
battery	O
designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
starting	O
a	O
car	O
is	O
safe	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
lead-acid	B-Device
battery	I-Device
dies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
fire	O
hazard	O
with	O
lead-acid	B-Device
batteries	I-Device
occurs	O
during	O
over-charging	O
when	O
hydrogen	O
gas	O
is	O
produced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Peukert	B-Algorithm
's	I-Algorithm
law	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
valuable	O
tool	O
for	O
estimation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
calculating	O
for	O
a	O
low	O
discharge	O
rate	O
,	O
the	O
equation	O
does	O
not	O
account	O
for	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
each	O
battery	O
has	O
a	O
self	B-Algorithm
discharge	I-Algorithm
rate	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
terms	O
of	O
estimation	O
,	O
Peukert	B-Algorithm
's	I-Algorithm
law	I-Algorithm
gets	O
much	O
closer	O
to	O
estimating	O
real	O
world	O
performance	O
of	O
a	O
battery	O
than	O
simple	O
extrapolations	O
of	O
the	O
amp	O
hour	O
rating	O
.	O
</s>
