<s>
Linear	O
or	O
point-projection	O
perspective	O
(	O
from	O
'	O
to	O
see	O
through	O
 '	O
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
graphical	B-Algorithm
projection	I-Algorithm
perspective	O
in	O
the	O
graphic	O
arts	O
;	O
the	O
other	O
is	O
parallel	O
projection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linear	B-Architecture
perspective	I-Architecture
is	O
an	O
approximate	O
representation	O
,	O
generally	O
on	O
a	O
flat	O
surface	O
,	O
of	O
an	O
image	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
seen	O
by	O
the	O
eye	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Perspective	B-Architecture
drawing	I-Architecture
is	O
useful	O
for	O
representing	O
a	O
three-dimensional	O
scene	O
in	O
a	O
two-dimensional	O
medium	O
,	O
like	O
paper	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
characteristic	O
features	O
of	O
linear	B-Architecture
perspective	I-Architecture
are	O
that	O
objects	O
appear	O
smaller	O
as	O
their	O
distance	O
from	O
the	O
observer	O
increases	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
subject	O
to	O
foreshortening	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
an	O
object	O
's	O
dimensions	O
along	O
the	O
line	O
of	O
sight	O
appear	O
shorter	O
than	O
its	O
dimensions	O
across	O
the	O
line	O
of	O
sight	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Italian	O
Renaissance	O
painters	O
and	O
architects	O
including	O
Filippo	O
Brunelleschi	O
,	O
Leon	O
Battista	O
Alberti	O
,	O
Masaccio	O
,	O
Paolo	O
Uccello	O
,	O
Piero	O
della	O
Francesca	O
and	O
Luca	O
Pacioli	O
studied	O
linear	B-Architecture
perspective	I-Architecture
,	O
wrote	O
treatises	O
on	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
incorporated	O
it	O
into	O
their	O
artworks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Euclid	B-Language
in	O
his	O
Optics	O
(	O
)	O
argues	O
correctly	O
that	O
the	O
perceived	O
size	O
of	O
an	O
object	O
is	O
not	O
related	O
to	O
its	O
distance	O
from	O
the	O
eye	O
by	O
a	O
simple	O
proportion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
first-centuryBC	O
frescoes	B-Protocol
of	O
the	O
Villa	O
of	O
P	O
.	O
Fannius	O
Synistor	O
,	O
multiple	O
vanishing	O
points	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
systematic	O
but	O
not	O
fully	O
consistent	O
manner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
generally	O
accepted	O
that	O
Filippo	O
Brunelleschi	O
conducted	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
experiments	O
between	O
1415	O
and	O
1420	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
making	O
drawings	O
of	O
various	O
Florentine	B-Application
buildings	O
in	O
correct	O
perspective	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
it	O
,	O
they	O
would	O
see	O
a	O
building	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Florence	B-Application
Baptistery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Soon	O
after	O
Brunelleschi	O
's	O
demonstrations	O
,	O
nearly	O
every	O
artist	O
in	O
Florence	B-Application
and	O
in	O
Italy	O
used	O
geometrical	B-Architecture
perspective	I-Architecture
in	O
their	O
paintings	O
and	O
sculpture	O
,	O
notably	O
Donatello	O
,	O
Masaccio	O
,	O
Lorenzo	O
Ghiberti	O
,	O
Masolino	O
da	O
Panicale	O
,	O
Paolo	O
Uccello	O
,	O
and	O
Filippo	O
Lippi	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
examples	O
include	O
Masolino	O
's	O
St.	O
Peter	O
Healing	O
a	O
Cripple	O
and	O
the	O
Raising	O
of	O
Tabitha	O
(	O
)	O
,	O
Donatello	O
's	O
The	O
Feast	O
of	O
Herod	O
(	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Ghiberti	O
's	O
Jacob	O
and	O
Esau	O
and	O
other	O
panels	O
from	O
the	O
east	O
doors	O
of	O
the	O
Florence	B-Application
Baptistery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
true	O
of	O
Masaccio	O
's	O
Trinity	O
fresco	B-Protocol
and	O
of	O
many	O
works	O
,	O
including	O
those	O
by	O
renowned	O
artists	O
like	O
Leonardo	B-Application
da	I-Application
Vinci	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
shown	O
by	O
the	O
quick	O
proliferation	O
of	O
accurate	O
perspective	O
paintings	O
in	O
Florence	B-Application
,	O
Brunelleschi	O
likely	O
understood	O
(	O
with	O
help	O
from	O
his	O
friend	O
the	O
mathematician	O
Toscanelli	O
)	O
,	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
publish	O
,	O
the	O
mathematics	O
behind	O
perspective	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
mathematics	O
behind	O
similar	O
triangles	O
is	O
relatively	O
simple	O
,	O
having	O
been	O
long	O
ago	O
formulated	O
by	O
Euclid	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Piero	O
della	O
Francesca	O
elaborated	O
on	O
De	O
pictura	O
in	O
his	O
De	O
Prospectiva	O
pingendi	O
in	O
the	O
1470s	O
,	O
making	O
many	O
references	O
to	O
Euclid	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Luca	O
Pacioli	O
's	O
1509	O
Divina	O
proportione	O
(	O
Divine	O
Proportion	O
)	O
,	O
illustrated	O
by	O
Leonardo	B-Application
da	I-Application
Vinci	I-Application
,	O
summarizes	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
perspective	O
in	O
painting	O
,	O
including	O
much	O
of	O
Della	O
Francesca	O
's	O
treatise	O
.	O
</s>
