<s>
A	O
personal	B-Application
radio	I-Application
service	I-Application
is	O
any	O
system	O
that	O
allows	O
individual	O
to	O
operate	O
radio	O
transmitters	O
and	O
receivers	O
for	O
personal	O
purposes	O
with	O
minimal	O
or	O
no	O
special	O
license	O
or	O
individual	O
authorization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Personal	B-Application
radio	I-Application
services	I-Application
exist	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
typically	O
use	O
light-weight	O
walkie	O
talkie	O
portable	O
radios	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
regions	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
European	O
Union	O
)	O
have	O
standardized	O
personal	B-Application
radio	I-Application
service	I-Application
rules	O
to	O
allow	O
travelers	O
from	O
one	O
country	O
to	O
use	O
their	O
equipment	O
in	O
another	O
country	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
standardized	O
services	O
include	O
PMR446	O
and	O
FM	B-Application
Citizens	B-Application
Band	I-Application
Radio	I-Application
(	O
CB	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
EU	O
and	O
several	O
other	O
countries/regions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
26	O
–	O
27MHz	O
CB	B-Application
radio	I-Application
is	O
the	O
oldest	O
personal	B-Application
radio	I-Application
service	I-Application
and	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
nearly	O
every	O
country	O
worldwide	O
,	O
with	O
many	O
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
copying	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
40-channel	O
frequency	B-Algorithm
plan	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
many	O
countries	O
,	O
CB	B-Application
radio	I-Application
is	O
less	O
popular	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
other	O
personal	B-Application
radio	I-Application
services	I-Application
that	O
offer	O
shorter	O
antennas	O
,	O
better	O
protection	O
from	O
noise	O
and	O
interference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
radio	B-Algorithm
spectrum	I-Algorithm
allocation	I-Algorithm
varies	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
a	O
personal	B-Application
radio	I-Application
service	I-Application
device	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
usable	O
outside	O
its	O
original	O
area	O
of	O
purchase	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
personal	B-Application
radio	I-Application
service	I-Application
frequency	B-Algorithm
plans	I-Algorithm
are	O
regionally	O
accepted	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
European	O
PMR446	O
system	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
many	O
countries	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
American	O
FRS/GMRS	O
system	O
's	O
channel	O
plans	O
have	O
been	O
adopted	O
by	O
Canada	O
,	O
Mexico	O
and	O
some	O
countries	O
in	O
South	O
America	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specific	O
details	O
vary	O
between	O
the	O
different	O
national	O
services	O
,	O
but	O
many	O
personal	B-Application
radio	I-Application
services	I-Application
operate	O
in	O
the	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
or	O
UHF	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
radio	O
spectrum	O
,	O
using	O
frequency	B-Application
modulation	I-Application
and	O
a	O
maximum	O
power	O
of	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
watts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
high-VHF	O
band	O
(	O
137	O
–	O
174MHz	O
)	O
and	O
UHF	O
bands	O
(	O
325	O
,	O
900MHz	O
)	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
aside	O
from	O
the	O
25	O
–	O
28MHz	O
"	O
HF	B-Algorithm
CB	O
"	O
bands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
notable	O
exceptions	O
to	O
this	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
78MHz	O
and	O
245MHz	O
Thai	O
"	O
CB	O
78	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
CB	O
245	O
"	O
VHF-FM	O
bands	O
,	O
the	O
68	O
–	O
71MHz	O
Finnish	O
band	O
,	O
the	O
30	O
–	O
31MHz	O
Swedish	O
"	O
Hunting	O
Radio	O
"	O
band	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
43MHz	O
Italian	O
"	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
CB	O
"	O
bands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
lower	O
frequency	B-Algorithm
allocations	I-Algorithm
(	O
especially	O
the	O
30/31	O
and	O
43MHz	O
bands	O
)	O
often	O
exhibit	O
propagation	O
and	O
communication	O
range	O
characteristics	O
similar	O
to	O
27MHz	O
CB	B-Application
radio	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Generally	O
only	O
voice	O
transmission	O
is	O
allowed	O
under	O
personal	B-Application
radio	I-Application
service	I-Application
regulations	O
,	O
although	O
tone	O
and	O
digital	O
selective	O
calling	O
features	O
are	O
allowed	O
in	O
some	O
countries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
it	O
used	O
half-watt	O
hand-held	O
FM	B-Application
UHF	O
radios	O
with	O
14	O
fixed	O
channels	O
near	O
462	O
and	O
467MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
a	O
time	O
dual-standard	O
FRS	O
and	O
General	O
Mobile	O
Radio	O
Service	O
(	O
GMRS	B-General_Concept
)	O
radios	O
were	O
available	O
,	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
operated	O
without	O
individual	O
licensing	O
on	O
the	O
FRS	O
channels	O
,	O
but	O
which	O
required	O
a	O
license	O
to	O
operate	O
on	O
the	O
GMRS	B-General_Concept
frequencies	O
at	O
a	O
power	O
level	O
above	O
the	O
FRS	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2017	O
the	O
regulations	O
were	O
changed	O
so	O
that	O
FRS	O
service	O
included	O
operation	O
at	O
up	O
to	O
2	O
watts	O
on	O
GMRS	B-General_Concept
channels	O
,	O
and	O
prohibiting	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
dual-standard	O
radios	O
in	O
FRS	O
service	O
that	O
would	O
exceed	O
the	O
2-watt	O
limit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
September	O
2004	O
,	O
low-power	O
GMRS	B-General_Concept
radios	O
and	O
dual-standard	O
FRS/GMRS	O
radios	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
approved	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
Canada	O
,	O
giving	O
additional	O
channels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Canada	O
,	O
no	O
license	O
is	O
required	O
and	O
no	O
restrictions	O
are	O
imposed	O
on	O
the	O
GMRS	B-General_Concept
channels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dual-mode	O
FRS/GMRS	O
equipment	O
is	O
not	O
approved	O
in	O
Mexico	O
,	O
so	O
caution	O
should	O
be	O
exercised	O
in	O
operating	O
hybrid	O
FRS/GMRS	O
devices	O
purchased	O
elsewhere	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dual-mode	O
GMRS/FRS	O
equipment	O
is	O
also	O
approved	O
in	O
Brazil	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Australia	O
and	O
New	O
Zealand	O
,	O
the	O
77-channel	O
(	O
previously	O
40-channel	O
)	O
UHF	B-Algorithm
CB	I-Algorithm
citizen	B-Application
's	I-Application
band	I-Application
near	O
477MHz	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
a	O
similar	O
purpose	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Bangladesh	O
Telecommunications	O
Regulatory	O
Commission	O
(	O
BTRC	O
)	O
allows	O
for	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
26	O
–	O
27MHz	O
Citizen	B-Application
's	I-Application
Band	I-Application
(	O
CB	O
)	O
allocation	O
from	O
26.965	O
to	O
27.405MHz	O
(	O
standard	O
40-channel	O
allocation	O
used	O
in	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
for	O
CB	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
China	O
,	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
and	O
Macau	O
,	O
the	O
Public	O
Radio	O
Service	O
is	O
a	O
personal	B-Application
radio	I-Application
service	I-Application
similar	O
to	O
the	O
American-style	O
FRS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sometimes	O
this	O
is	O
called	O
"	O
Citizen	O
Band	O
"	O
or	O
CB	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
confused	O
with	O
the	O
Citizens	B-Application
Band	I-Application
radio	I-Application
within	O
the	O
27MHz	O
band	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FRS/GMRS	O
and	O
PMR446	O
radios	O
are	O
not	O
approved	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
China	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Europe	O
,	O
PMR446	O
is	O
a	O
personal	B-Application
radio	I-Application
service	I-Application
with	O
two	O
sets	O
of	O
16	O
channels	O
and	O
one	O
set	O
of	O
8	O
channels	O
available	O
for	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
40	O
channels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
similar	O
situation	O
exists	O
with	O
the	O
German	O
Freenet	B-Algorithm
VHF	B-Algorithm
CB	O
allocation	O
,	O
the	O
American	O
MURS	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
CB	O
allocation	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Australian/New	O
Zealand	O
UHF	B-Algorithm
CB	I-Algorithm
allocation	O
at	O
476	O
–	O
477MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Use	O
of	O
Australian	O
UHF	B-Algorithm
CB	I-Algorithm
equipment	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
would	O
cause	O
severe	O
interference	O
to	O
public	O
safety	O
communications	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
larger	O
metropolitan	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
most	O
European	O
countries	O
allow	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
26.965	O
–	O
27.405MHz	O
US	O
FCC	O
Citizen	B-Application
's	I-Application
Band	I-Application
Radio	I-Application
allocation	O
(	O
40	O
channels	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
countries	O
allow	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
both	O
AM	B-Device
and	O
FM	B-Application
modulation	O
,	O
with	O
some	O
(	O
including	O
the	O
UK	O
)	O
allowing	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
SSB	B-Device
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finland	O
has	O
a	O
26-channel	O
mid-band	O
(	O
68	O
–	O
72MHz	O
)	O
VHF-FM	O
allocation	O
called	O
"	O
RHA68	O
"	O
consisting	O
of	O
"	O
common	O
channels	O
for	O
hobby	O
usage	O
in	O
general	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
license-free	O
PMR446	O
,	O
CB	O
and	O
SRD/LPD433	O
radio	O
,	O
Germany	O
has	O
a	O
VHF-FM	O
allocation	O
called	O
Freenet	B-Algorithm
that	O
allows	O
a	O
maximum	O
of	O
1W	O
(	O
ERP	O
)	O
of	O
power	O
on	O
six	O
channels	O
in	O
the	O
149MHz	O
band	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Freenet	B-Algorithm
allocation	O
is	O
a	O
re-purposing	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
B-Netz	O
mobile	O
telephone	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
India	O
has	O
a	O
13-channel	O
UHF-FM	O
service	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
Short	O
Range	O
Radio	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
SRR	O
"	O
that	O
operates	O
in	O
the	O
350.225	O
–	O
350.400MHz	O
band	O
with	O
a	O
maximal	O
output	O
power	O
of	O
2watts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FM	B-Application
mode	O
is	O
used	O
with	O
12.5kHz	O
channel	O
spacing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2005	O
,	O
India	O
deregulated	O
the	O
26.957	O
–	O
27.283MHz	O
band	O
for	O
license-free	O
CB	B-Application
radio	I-Application
usage	O
with	O
a	O
maximum	O
power	O
output	O
of	O
5watts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multi-norm	O
mobile	O
CB	B-Application
radios	I-Application
are	O
now	O
being	O
shipped	O
with	O
the	O
27	O
channel	O
India	O
CB	O
frequency	B-Algorithm
plan	I-Algorithm
programmed	O
in	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
frequency	O
bands	O
available	O
:	O
VHF-FM	O
(	O
142	O
–	O
143MHz	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
CB	O
)	O
and	O
UHF-FM	O
(	O
476	O
–	O
477MHz	O
UHF	B-Algorithm
CB	I-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
channel	O
plan	O
as	O
the	O
original	O
40	O
channel	O
Australia/New	O
Zealand	O
UHF	B-Algorithm
CB	I-Algorithm
allocation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Indonesia	O
also	O
has	O
a	O
60-channel	O
VHF-FM	O
service	O
available	O
from	O
142.050MHz	O
to	O
143.525MHz	O
(	O
channels	O
spaced	O
every	O
25kHz	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Indonesia	O
also	O
permits	O
usage	O
of	O
the	O
standardized	O
26.965	O
–	O
27.405MHz	O
HF	B-Algorithm
CB	O
band	O
with	O
AM/SSB	O
modes	O
allowed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
frequency	B-Algorithm
allocations	I-Algorithm
(	O
142	O
&	O
476MHz	O
)	O
were	O
regulated	O
in	O
a	O
decision	O
by	O
the	O
Director	O
General	O
of	O
Posts	O
and	O
Telecommunications	O
in	O
decree	O
Number	O
92	O
Year	O
1994	O
on	O
Implementing	O
Regulation	O
of	O
the	O
Inter-Citizens	O
Radio	O
Communications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Italy	O
allows	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
European	O
standardized	O
40-channel	O
26/27MHz	O
CB	O
band	O
,	O
plus	O
a	O
34-channel	O
allocation	O
from	O
26.875MHz	O
to	O
27.245MHz	O
,	O
giving	O
Italian	O
HF	B-Algorithm
CB	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
49	O
channels	O
between	O
to	O
two	O
CB	O
bands	O
(	O
Band	O
I1	O
:	O
26.965	O
–	O
27.405	O
,	O
Band	O
I2	O
:	O
26.875	O
–	O
27.245	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
this	O
,	O
Italy	O
has	O
a	O
"	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
CB	O
"	O
allocation	O
at	O
43MHz	O
,	O
usually	O
called	O
"	O
Apparati	O
a	O
43MHz	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
CB	O
43MHz	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Italian	O
43MHz	O
"	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
CB	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
43MHz	O
CB	O
"	O
allocation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
24	O
channels	O
,	O
FM	B-Application
mode	O
,	O
12.5kHz	O
channel	O
spacing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Japan	O
has	O
several	O
services	O
in	O
the	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
and	O
UHF	O
bands	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
142	O
&	O
146MHz	O
VHF-Digital	O
"	O
Personal	O
Radio	O
"	O
service	O
for	O
Personal	O
,	O
Leisure	O
and	O
Family	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Norway	O
has	O
a	O
Short	O
distance	O
radio	O
service	O
(	O
called	O
"	O
KDR444	O
"	O
to	O
distinguish	O
it	O
from	O
similar	O
services	O
such	O
as	O
PMR446	O
)	O
with	O
six	O
UHF	O
FM	B-Application
channels	O
between	O
444.600	O
and	O
444.975MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Norway	O
has	O
a	O
6-channel	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
FM	B-Application
Jaktradio	O
(	O
Hunting	O
Radio	O
)	O
service	O
,	O
maximum	O
power	O
5watts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
both	O
Norway	O
and	O
Sweden	O
have	O
high-band	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
FM	B-Application
hunting	O
allocations	O
(	O
see	O
section	O
on	O
Sweden	O
below	O
)	O
,	O
many	O
hunting	O
radios	O
are	O
marketed	O
with	O
both	O
the	O
6	O
Norse	O
channels	O
and	O
7	O
Swedish	O
channels	O
in	O
one	O
unit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
two	O
HF	B-Algorithm
AM/SSB	O
CB	O
bands	O
available	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
South	O
Africa	O
,	O
27MHz	O
and	O
29MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AM	B-Device
mode	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
any	O
channel	O
,	O
while	O
SSB	B-Device
may	O
only	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
specified	O
channels	O
29.7475MHz	O
,	O
29.8225MHz	O
,	O
29.8475MHz	O
,	O
29.9475MHz	O
and	O
29.985MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Maximum	O
output	O
power	O
is	O
5watts	O
carrier	O
power	O
in	O
AM	B-Device
mode	O
and	O
12watts	O
PEP	O
power	O
in	O
SSB	B-Device
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
frequencies	O
offer	O
excellent	O
range	O
over	O
water	O
(	O
20	O
–	O
30km	O
or	O
more	O
depending	O
on	O
antenna	O
installation	O
)	O
and	O
are	O
heavily	O
used	O
by	O
ski	O
boats	O
and	O
fishing	O
clubs	O
,	O
often	O
as	O
an	O
adjunct	O
to	O
the	O
internationally	O
allocated	O
Marine	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
radio	O
band	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Australia	O
allows	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
26.965	O
–	O
27.405MHz	O
AM/SSB	O
40	O
channel	O
CB	O
band	O
for	O
land	O
mobile	O
(	O
and	O
marine	O
)	O
communications	O
plus	O
10	O
marine-only	O
AM	B-Device
channels	O
in	O
the	O
27.68	O
–	O
27.98MHz	O
band	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
coast	O
guard	O
stations	O
monitor	O
27	O
Meg	O
channel	O
88	O
(	O
27.880MHz	O
)	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
channel	O
16	O
(	O
156.800MHz	O
)	O
for	O
distress	O
,	O
safety	O
information	O
and	O
calling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Maximal	O
output	O
power	O
is	O
5watts	O
carrier	O
power	O
in	O
AM	B-Device
mode	O
and	O
12watts	O
PEP	O
power	O
in	O
SSB	B-Device
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
the	O
29MHz	O
allocation	O
,	O
each	O
frequency	O
is	O
assigned	O
to	O
either	O
AM	B-Device
only	O
or	O
SSB	B-Device
operation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Channels	O
19	O
–	O
22	O
(	O
27.185	O
–	O
27.225MHz	O
)	O
are	O
designated	O
for	O
AM	B-Device
use	O
and	O
channels	O
23	O
–	O
27	O
(	O
27.255	O
–	O
27.275MHz	O
)	O
are	O
designated	O
for	O
SSB	B-Device
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
UHF-FM	O
448.750	O
–	O
449.2625MHz	O
band	O
allocation	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
American	O
FRS	O
and	O
European	O
PMR446	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
25	O
channel	O
FM	B-Application
with	O
500mW	O
maximal	O
power	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
FRS/GMRS	O
and	O
PMR446	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
tone	O
squelch	O
systems	O
such	O
as	O
CTCSS/DCS	O
is	O
encouraged	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
PMR446	O
,	O
LPD433	B-Algorithm
,	O
Japan	O
's	O
421	O
–	O
422MHz	O
SLPR	O
service	O
and	O
KDR444	O
services	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
these	O
frequencies	O
in	O
countries	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
is	O
illegal	O
without	O
an	O
amateur	O
radio	O
license	O
as	O
they	O
fall	O
within	O
the	O
420	O
–	O
450MHz	O
70cm	O
ham	O
radio	O
allocation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
156.000MHz	O
is	O
sometimes	O
included	O
as	O
Marine	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
radio	O
"	O
channel	O
0	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
M1	O
"	O
(	O
private	O
)	O
channel	O
,	O
allowing	O
communication	O
between	O
portables	O
and	O
radios	O
mounted	O
in	O
boats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modulation	O
is	O
FM	B-Application
,	O
maximal	O
power	O
4watts	O
for	O
30	O
–	O
31MHz	O
and	O
5watts	O
for	O
155MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VHF-FM	O
High	O
Band	O
155MHz	O
Jaktradio	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
VHF-FM	O
Low	O
Band	O
31MHz	O
Jaktradio	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Thailand	O
has	O
two	O
80	O
channel	O
CB-style	O
services	O
,	O
one	O
in	O
mid-band	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
78MHz	O
band	O
and	O
another	O
at	O
high-band	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
245MHz	O
band	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
services	O
use	O
FM	B-Application
mode	O
only	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HF	B-Algorithm
(	O
26	O
–	O
27MHz	O
band	O
)	O
CB	O
service	O
is	O
not	O
allowed	O
in	O
Thailand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Frequency	B-Algorithm
allocation	I-Algorithm
is	O
between	O
78.0000	O
and	O
78.9875MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
service	O
is	O
commonly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
CB245	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
VHF245	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
CB	O
245MHz	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Frequency	B-Algorithm
allocation	I-Algorithm
is	O
between	O
245.0000	O
and	O
245.9875MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
an	O
estimated	O
one	O
million	O
users	O
of	O
the	O
245MHz	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
CB	O
service	O
,	O
often	O
in	O
large	O
cities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
manufacturers	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
have	O
radios	O
that	O
carry	O
both	O
American	O
FRS	O
and	O
GMRS	B-General_Concept
frequencies	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
additional	O
channels	O
1	O
to	O
99	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
radios	O
designed	O
for	O
the	O
Taiwan	O
market	O
have	O
FRS/GMRS	O
frequencies	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
channel	O
plan	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
technically	O
illegal	O
to	O
use	O
equipment	O
designed	O
for	O
the	O
Taiwan	O
market	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
UHF	O
FRS	O
and	O
GMRS	B-General_Concept
allocation	O
and	O
the	O
high-HF	O
CB	O
allocation	O
,	O
in	O
2000	O
,	O
the	O
American	O
FCC	O
allocated	O
five	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
channels	O
to	O
the	O
Multi-Use	O
Radio	O
Service	O
(	O
MURS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
of	O
these	O
frequencies	O
were	O
re-allocated	O
from	O
the	O
Business/Industrial	O
Radio	O
Pool	O
(	O
Business	B-Algorithm
Radio	I-Algorithm
Service	I-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AM	B-Device
and	O
FM	B-Application
modes	O
are	O
permitted	O
on	O
the	O
MURS	O
frequencies	O
for	O
both	O
data	O
and	O
voice	O
transmission	O
(	O
see	O
FCC	O
rules	O
Part	O
95.631	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
CB	O
,	O
FRS	O
and	O
GMRS	B-General_Concept
,	O
there	O
are	O
reports	O
of	O
users	O
using	O
higher-than-legal	O
power	O
levels	O
on	O
the	O
MURS	O
frequencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Citizens	B-Application
Band	I-Application
radio	I-Application
is	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
services	O
available	O
in	O
different	O
countries	O
and	O
with	O
different	O
operating	O
rules	O
,	O
generally	O
using	O
channels	O
in	O
the	O
27MHz	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
radio	O
spectrum	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
26	O
–	O
27MHz	O
occupies	O
the	O
"	O
boundary	O
area	O
"	O
between	O
HF	B-Algorithm
(	O
3	O
–	O
30MHz	O
)	O
and	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
(	O
30	O
–	O
300MHz	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
means	O
that	O
CB	O
signals	O
provide	O
local	O
coverage	O
similar	O
to	O
low-band	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
during	O
times	O
of	O
low	O
sunspot	O
activity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
peak	O
of	O
the	O
sunspot	O
cycle	O
,	O
CB	O
frequencies	O
exhibit	O
skywave	O
propagation	O
just	O
like	O
the	O
lower	O
parts	O
of	O
HF	B-Algorithm
do	O
,	O
making	O
communication	O
hundreds	O
or	O
even	O
thousands	O
of	O
miles	O
(	O
km	O
)	O
away	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
by	O
)	O
Like	O
many	O
rules	O
regarding	O
the	O
HF	B-Algorithm
CB	O
services	O
,	O
the	O
distance	O
prohibition	O
is	O
largely	O
ignored	O
and	O
unenforced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Often	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
channel	O
overcrowding	O
and	O
interference	O
,	O
many	O
HF	B-Algorithm
CB	O
users	O
have	O
turned	O
to	O
purchasing	O
"	O
export	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
10-meter	O
"	O
radios	O
that	O
operate	O
in	O
the	O
legal	O
CB	O
band	O
but	O
also	O
provide	O
access	O
to	O
frequencies	O
above	O
and	O
below	O
the	O
CB	O
band	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
has	O
created	O
a	O
tragedy	O
of	O
the	O
commons	O
situation	O
in	O
and	O
near	O
the	O
HF	B-Algorithm
CB	O
spectrum	O
(	O
25	O
–	O
28MHz	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
CB	O
users	O
have	O
moved	O
to	O
other	O
personal	B-Application
radio	I-Application
services	I-Application
to	O
avoid	O
these	O
issues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
26.965	O
–	O
27.405MHz	O
40-channel	O
American	O
channel	O
plan	O
serves	O
as	O
the	O
frequency	B-Algorithm
plan	I-Algorithm
for	O
many	O
other	O
countries	O
HF	B-Algorithm
CB	O
service	O
,	O
including	O
Canada	O
,	O
Australia	O
,	O
Mexico	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
Central	O
and	O
South	O
America	O
and	O
the	O
European	O
Union	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FM	B-Application
may	O
be	O
used	O
throughout	O
Europe	O
on	O
the	O
standard	O
40	O
channels	O
–	O
called	O
the	O
"	O
mid	O
band	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
CEPT	O
"	O
channels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
countries	O
also	O
allow	O
AM	B-Device
in	O
addition	O
to	O
FM	B-Application
or	O
AM/FM/SSB	O
with	O
various	O
different	O
power	O
limits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
European	O
standardization	O
allows	O
a	O
maximum	O
of	O
4watts	O
FM	B-Application
power	O
or	O
1watt	O
AM	B-Device
carrier	O
power	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Germany	O
only	O
allows	O
FM	B-Application
on	O
channels	O
41	O
–	O
80	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brazil	O
allows	O
for	O
80	O
channels	O
from	O
26.965	O
to	O
27.855MHz	O
with	O
AM/SSB	O
permitted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
Zealand	O
has	O
two	O
40-channel	O
HF	B-Algorithm
CB	O
bands	O
available	O
,	O
the	O
NZ-specific	O
"	O
NZ	O
CB	O
Band	O
"	O
26.330	O
–	O
26.770MHz	O
(	O
40	O
channels	O
,	O
AM	B-Device
and	O
SSB	B-Device
allowed	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
standardized	O
"	O
mid	O
band	O
"	O
26.965	O
–	O
27.405MHz	O
(	O
40	O
channels	O
,	O
AM	B-Device
and	O
SSB	B-Device
allowed	O
)	O
for	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
80	O
HF	B-Algorithm
CB	O
channels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Russia	O
,	O
HF	B-Algorithm
CB	B-Application
radio	I-Application
is	O
extremely	O
popular	O
,	O
especially	O
with	O
taxicab	O
,	O
trucking	O
,	O
delivery	O
and	O
general	O
transportation	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
the	O
sheer	O
size	O
of	O
Russia	O
and	O
the	O
remoteness	O
of	O
many	O
Russian	O
communities	O
,	O
CB	B-Application
radio	I-Application
is	O
an	O
important	O
resource	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Russian	O
CB	O
operators	O
and	O
clubs	O
have	O
installed	O
several	O
simplex	O
repeaters	O
on	O
mountaintops	O
or	O
the	O
roofs	O
of	O
high-rise	O
apartment	O
buildings	O
to	O
increase	O
communication	O
range	O
of	O
low-powered	O
mobile	O
CB	B-Application
radios	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
final	O
letter(s )	O
indicate	O
the	O
mode	O
(	O
AM	B-Device
or	O
FM	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
27.185MHz	O
AM	B-Device
(	O
Channel	O
19	O
in	O
the	O
European/American	O
frequency	B-Algorithm
plan	I-Algorithm
)	O
would	O
be	O
designated	O
"	O
C19EA	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
C19EAM	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
27.180MHz	O
FM	B-Application
(	O
Channel	O
19	O
on	O
the	O
Polish	O
assignment	O
)	O
would	O
be	O
designated	O
"	O
C19PF	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
C19PFM	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
,	O
Russia	O
(	O
and	O
most	O
other	O
Eastern	O
European/CIS	O
countries	O
)	O
used	O
the	O
zero	O
frequency	O
offset	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
the	O
Polish	O
frequency	B-Algorithm
plan	I-Algorithm
(	O
channel	O
1	O
being	O
26.960MHz	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
both	O
frequency	B-Algorithm
plans	I-Algorithm
,	O
many	O
radios	O
sold	O
in	O
the	O
Russian/Eastern	O
European	O
market	O
come	O
with	O
a	O
-5kHz	O
or	O
+5kHz	O
switch	O
to	O
quickly	O
change	O
from	O
one	O
channel	O
plan	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
