<s>
A	O
personal	B-Application
digital	I-Application
assistant	I-Application
(	O
PDA	B-Application
)	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
handheld	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
,	O
is	O
a	O
variety	O
mobile	B-Application
device	I-Application
which	O
functions	O
as	O
a	O
personal	B-Application
information	I-Application
manager	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
PDAs	B-Application
have	O
been	O
mostly	O
displaced	O
by	O
the	O
widespread	O
adoption	O
of	O
highly	O
capable	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
in	O
particular	O
those	O
based	O
on	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
seeing	O
a	O
rapid	O
decline	O
in	O
use	O
after	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
PDA	B-Application
has	O
an	O
electronic	B-Device
visual	I-Device
display	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
early	O
2000	O
's	O
,	O
nearly	O
all	O
PDA	B-Application
models	O
had	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
intranets	B-General_Concept
or	O
extranets	B-Architecture
via	O
Wi-Fi	O
or	O
Wireless	B-General_Concept
WANs	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
generally	O
include	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sometimes	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
buttons	O
,	O
PDAs	B-Application
employ	O
touchscreen	B-Device
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
PDA	B-Application
,	O
the	O
Organiser	B-Application
,	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
1984	O
by	O
Psion	B-Application
,	O
followed	O
by	O
Psion	B-Application
's	I-Application
Series	I-Application
3	I-Application
,	O
in	O
1991	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latter	O
began	O
to	O
resemble	O
the	O
more	O
familiar	O
PDA	B-Application
style	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
full	O
keyboard	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
PDA	B-Application
was	O
first	O
used	O
on	O
January	O
7	O
,	O
1992	O
by	O
Apple	O
Inc	O
.	O
CEO	O
John	O
Sculley	O
at	O
the	O
Consumer	O
Electronics	O
Show	O
in	O
Las	O
Vegas	O
,	O
Nevada	O
,	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
Newton	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1994	O
,	O
IBM	O
introduced	O
the	O
first	O
PDA	B-Application
with	O
analog	O
cellular	O
phone	O
functionality	O
,	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Simon	I-Device
,	O
which	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
considered	O
the	O
first	O
smartphone	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
in	O
1996	O
,	O
Nokia	O
introduced	O
a	O
PDA	B-Application
with	O
digital	O
cellphone	O
functionality	O
,	O
the	O
9000	O
Communicator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
early	O
entrant	O
in	O
this	O
market	O
was	O
Palm	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
line	B-Application
of	I-Application
PDA	I-Application
products	I-Application
which	O
began	O
in	O
March	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Palm	O
would	O
eventually	O
be	O
the	O
dominant	O
vendor	O
of	O
PDAs	B-Application
until	O
the	O
rising	O
popularity	O
of	O
Pocket	B-Device
PC	I-Device
devices	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
2000s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
mid-2000s	O
most	O
PDAs	B-Application
had	O
morphed	O
into	O
smartphones	B-Application
as	O
classic	O
PDAs	B-Application
without	O
cellular	O
radios	O
were	O
increasingly	O
becoming	O
uncommon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
typical	O
PDA	B-Application
has	O
a	O
touchscreen	B-Device
for	O
navigation	O
,	O
a	O
memory	B-Device
card	I-Device
slot	I-Device
for	O
data	O
storage	O
,	O
and	O
IrDA	O
,	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
and/or	O
Wi-Fi	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
some	O
PDAs	B-Application
may	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
touchscreen	B-Device
,	O
using	O
softkeys	B-General_Concept
,	O
a	O
directional	O
pad	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
numeric	O
keypad	O
or	O
a	O
thumb	B-Device
keyboard	I-Device
for	O
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
have	O
the	O
functions	O
expected	O
of	O
a	O
PDA	B-Application
,	O
a	O
device	O
's	O
software	O
typically	O
includes	O
an	O
appointment	B-Application
calendar	I-Application
,	O
a	O
to-do	O
list	O
,	O
an	O
address	B-Operating_System
book	I-Operating_System
for	O
contacts	O
,	O
a	O
calculator	B-Application
,	O
and	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
memo	O
(	O
or	O
"	O
note	O
"	O
)	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PDAs	B-Application
with	O
wireless	O
data	O
connections	O
also	O
typically	O
include	O
an	O
email	B-Protocol
client	I-Protocol
and	O
a	O
Web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
,	O
and	O
may	O
or	O
may	O
not	O
include	O
telephony	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
PDAs	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
Newton	I-Device
and	O
Palm	B-Device
Pilot	I-Device
,	O
featured	O
a	O
touchscreen	B-Device
for	O
user	O
interaction	O
,	O
having	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
buttons	O
—	O
usually	O
reserved	O
for	O
shortcuts	O
to	O
often-used	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
touchscreen	B-Device
PDAs	B-Application
,	O
including	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
Mobile	I-Operating_System
devices	O
,	O
had	O
a	O
detachable	O
stylus	B-Device
to	O
facilitate	O
making	O
selections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
device	O
by	O
tapping	O
the	O
screen	O
to	O
select	O
buttons	O
or	O
issue	O
commands	O
,	O
or	O
by	O
dragging	O
a	O
finger	O
(	O
or	O
the	O
stylus	B-Device
)	O
on	O
the	O
screen	O
to	O
make	O
selections	O
or	O
scroll	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typical	O
methods	O
of	O
entering	O
text	O
on	O
touchscreen	B-Device
PDAs	B-Application
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
virtual	B-Device
keyboard	I-Device
,	O
where	O
a	O
keyboard	B-Device
is	O
shown	O
on	O
the	O
touchscreen	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	O
is	O
entered	O
by	O
tapping	O
the	O
on-screen	B-Device
keyboard	I-Device
with	O
a	O
finger	O
or	O
stylus	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
external	O
keyboard	B-Device
connected	O
via	O
USB	B-Protocol
,	O
Infrared	O
port	O
,	O
or	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
users	O
may	O
choose	O
a	O
chorded	B-Device
keyboard	I-Device
for	O
one-handed	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Handwriting	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
,	O
where	O
letters	O
or	O
words	O
are	O
written	O
on	O
the	O
touchscreen	B-Device
,	O
often	O
with	O
a	O
stylus	B-Device
,	O
and	O
the	O
PDA	B-Application
converts	O
the	O
input	O
to	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stroke	O
recognition	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
predefined	O
set	O
of	O
strokes	O
on	O
the	O
touchscreen	B-Device
,	O
sometimes	O
in	O
a	O
special	O
input	O
area	O
,	O
representing	O
the	O
various	O
characters	O
to	O
be	O
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
widely	O
known	O
stroke	O
recognition	O
system	O
is	O
Palm	O
's	O
Graffiti	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
projects	O
,	O
end-users	O
experience	O
mixed	O
results	O
with	O
handwriting	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Touchscreen	B-Device
PDAs	B-Application
intended	O
for	O
business	O
use	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
and	O
Palm	O
Treo	O
,	O
usually	O
also	O
offer	O
full	O
keyboards	B-Device
and	O
scroll	O
wheels	O
or	O
thumbwheels	O
to	O
facilitate	O
data	O
entry	O
and	O
navigation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
touchscreen	B-Device
PDAs	B-Application
support	O
some	O
form	O
of	O
external	O
keyboard	B-Device
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specialized	O
folding	O
keyboards	B-Device
,	O
which	O
offer	O
a	O
full-sized	O
keyboard	B-Device
but	O
collapse	O
into	O
a	O
compact	O
size	O
for	O
transport	O
,	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
many	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
External	O
keyboards	B-Device
may	O
attach	O
to	O
the	O
PDA	B-Application
directly	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
cable	O
,	O
or	O
may	O
use	O
wireless	O
technology	O
such	O
as	O
infrared	O
or	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
to	O
connect	O
to	O
the	O
PDA	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Newer	O
PDAs	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
HTC	B-Application
HD2	O
,	O
Apple	O
iPhone	B-Device
,	O
Apple	O
iPod	B-Device
Touch	I-Device
,	O
and	O
Palm	B-Application
Pre	I-Application
,	O
Pre	B-Application
Plus	I-Application
,	O
Pixi	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Pixi	B-Application
Plus	I-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
devices	O
running	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
include	O
more	O
advanced	O
forms	O
of	O
touchscreen	B-Device
that	O
can	O
register	O
multiple	B-Application
touches	I-Application
simultaneously	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
"	O
multi-touch	B-Application
"	O
displays	O
allow	O
for	O
more	O
sophisticated	O
interfaces	O
using	O
various	O
gestures	O
entered	O
with	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
fingers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
many	O
early	O
PDAs	B-Application
did	O
not	O
have	O
memory	B-Device
card	I-Device
slots	I-Device
,	O
now	O
most	O
have	O
either	O
some	O
form	O
of	O
Secure	B-Device
Digital	I-Device
(	O
SD	O
)	O
slot	O
,	O
a	O
CompactFlash	B-Device
slot	O
or	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
designed	O
for	O
memory	O
,	O
Secure	B-Device
Digital	I-Device
Input/Output	O
(	O
SDIO	O
)	O
and	O
CompactFlash	B-Device
cards	I-Device
are	O
available	O
that	O
provide	O
accessories	O
like	O
Wi-Fi	O
or	O
digital	O
cameras	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
device	O
can	O
support	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
PDAs	B-Application
also	O
have	O
a	O
USB	B-Protocol
port	O
,	O
mainly	O
for	O
USB	B-Protocol
flash	O
drives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
PDAs	B-Application
use	O
microSD	O
cards	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
electronically	O
compatible	O
with	O
SD	B-Device
cards	I-Device
,	O
but	O
have	O
a	O
much	O
smaller	O
physical	O
size	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
early	O
PDAs	B-Application
connected	O
to	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
personal	O
computer	O
via	O
serial	B-Protocol
ports	I-Protocol
or	O
another	O
proprietary	O
connection	O
,	O
many	O
today	O
connect	O
via	O
a	O
USB	B-Protocol
cable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Older	O
PDAs	B-Application
were	O
unable	O
to	O
connect	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
via	O
USB	B-Protocol
,	O
as	O
their	O
implementations	O
of	O
USB	B-Protocol
did	O
n't	O
support	O
acting	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
host	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
early	O
PDAs	B-Application
were	O
able	O
to	O
connect	O
to	O
the	O
Internet	O
indirectly	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
an	O
external	O
modem	O
connected	O
via	O
the	O
PDA	B-Application
's	O
serial	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
or	O
"	O
sync	O
"	O
connector	O
,	O
or	O
directly	O
by	O
using	O
an	O
expansion	O
card	O
that	O
provided	O
an	O
Ethernet	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
PDAs	B-Application
utilize	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
,	O
a	O
popular	O
wireless	O
protocol	O
for	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
connect	O
keyboards	B-Device
,	O
headsets	O
,	O
GPS	O
receivers	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
nearby	O
accessories	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
's	O
also	O
possible	O
to	O
transfer	O
files	O
between	O
PDAs	B-Application
that	O
have	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
PDAs	B-Application
have	O
Wi-Fi	O
wireless	O
network	O
connectivity	O
and	O
can	O
connect	O
to	O
Wi-Fi	O
hotspots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
and	O
some	O
other	O
PDAs	B-Application
,	O
can	O
connect	O
to	O
Wireless	B-General_Concept
Wide	I-General_Concept
Area	I-General_Concept
Networks	I-General_Concept
,	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
provided	O
by	O
cellular	O
telecommunications	O
companies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Older	O
PDAs	B-Application
from	O
the	O
1990s	O
to	O
2006	O
typically	O
had	O
an	O
IrDA	O
(	O
infrared	O
)	O
port	O
allowing	O
short-range	O
,	O
line-of-sight	O
wireless	O
communication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Few	O
current	O
models	O
use	O
this	O
technology	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
supplanted	O
by	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
and	O
Wi-Fi	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IrDA	O
allows	O
communication	O
between	O
two	O
PDAs	B-Application
,	O
or	O
between	O
a	O
PDA	B-Application
and	O
any	O
device	O
with	O
an	O
IrDA	O
port	O
or	O
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
printers	O
have	O
IrDA	O
receivers	O
,	O
allowing	O
IrDA-equipped	O
PDAs	B-Application
to	O
print	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
PDA	B-Application
's	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
supports	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Universal	O
PDA	B-Application
keyboards	B-Device
designed	O
for	O
these	O
older	O
PDAs	B-Application
use	O
infrared	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
PDAs	B-Application
can	O
synchronize	B-General_Concept
their	O
data	O
with	O
applications	O
on	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
update	O
contact	O
,	O
schedule	O
,	O
or	O
other	O
information	O
on	O
their	O
computer	O
,	O
using	O
software	O
such	O
as	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Outlook	I-Application
or	O
ACT	O
!,	O
and	O
have	O
that	O
same	O
data	O
transferred	O
to	O
PDA	B-Application
—	O
or	O
transfer	O
updated	O
information	O
from	O
the	O
PDA	B-Application
back	O
to	O
the	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
PDA	B-Application
is	O
repaired	O
or	O
replaced	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
"	O
re-synced	O
"	O
with	O
the	O
computer	O
,	O
restoring	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
users	O
find	O
that	O
data	O
input	O
is	O
quicker	O
on	O
their	O
computer	O
than	O
on	O
their	O
PDA	B-Application
,	O
since	O
text	O
input	O
via	O
a	O
touchscreen	B-Device
or	O
small-scale	O
keyboard	B-Device
is	O
slower	O
than	O
a	O
full-size	O
keyboard	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Transferring	O
data	O
to	O
a	O
PDA	B-Application
via	O
the	O
computer	O
is	O
therefore	O
a	O
lot	O
quicker	O
than	O
having	O
to	O
manually	O
input	O
all	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
handheld	B-Application
device	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
PDAs	B-Application
come	O
with	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
synchronize	B-General_Concept
to	O
a	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
done	O
through	O
synchronization	O
software	O
provided	O
with	O
the	O
handheld	B-Application
,	O
or	O
sometime	O
with	O
the	O
computer	O
's	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Desktop	O
Software	O
,	O
used	O
to	O
sync	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
programs	O
allow	O
the	O
PDA	B-Application
to	O
be	O
synchronized	O
with	O
a	O
personal	B-Application
information	I-Application
manager	I-Application
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
computer	O
's	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
provided	O
with	O
the	O
PDA	B-Application
,	O
or	O
sold	O
separately	O
by	O
a	O
third	O
party	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
RIM	B-Operating_System
BlackBerry	I-Operating_System
comes	O
with	O
RIM	O
's	O
Desktop	O
Manager	O
program	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
synchronize	B-General_Concept
to	O
both	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Outlook	I-Application
and	O
ACT	B-Application
!	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
PDAs	B-Application
come	O
only	O
with	O
their	O
own	O
proprietary	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
some	O
early	O
Palm	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
PDAs	B-Application
came	O
only	O
with	O
Palm	O
Desktop	O
,	O
while	O
later	O
Palm	B-Application
PDAs	I-Application
—	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Treo	O
650	O
—	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
sync	O
to	O
Palm	O
Desktop	O
or	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Outlook	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
's	O
ActiveSync	B-Operating_System
and	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
Mobile	I-Operating_System
Device	O
Center	O
only	O
synchronize	B-General_Concept
with	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Outlook	I-Application
or	O
a	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Exchange	I-Operating_System
server	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Third-party	O
synchronization	O
software	O
is	O
also	O
available	O
for	O
some	O
PDAs	B-Application
from	O
companies	O
like	O
CommonTime	B-Application
and	O
CompanionLink	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Third-party	O
software	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
synchronize	B-General_Concept
PDAs	B-Application
to	O
other	O
personal	B-Application
information	I-Application
managers	I-Application
that	O
are	O
not	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
PDA	B-Application
manufacturers	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
GoldMine	O
and	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
Lotus	I-Operating_System
Notes	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
PDAs	B-Application
can	O
synchronize	B-General_Concept
some	O
or	O
all	O
of	O
their	O
data	O
using	O
their	O
wireless	O
networking	O
capabilities	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
having	O
to	O
be	O
directly	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
personal	O
computer	O
via	O
a	O
cable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Devices	O
running	O
Palm	O
's	O
webOS	B-Operating_System
or	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Android	I-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
primarily	O
sync	O
with	O
the	O
cloud	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
if	O
Gmail	B-Application
is	O
used	O
,	O
information	O
in	O
contacts	O
,	O
email	O
,	O
and	O
calendar	B-Application
can	O
be	O
synchronized	O
between	O
the	O
PDA	B-Application
and	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RIM	O
sells	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Enterprise	I-Application
Server	I-Application
to	O
corporations	O
so	O
that	O
corporate	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
users	O
can	O
wirelessly	O
synchronize	B-General_Concept
their	O
PDAs	B-Application
with	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Exchange	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
,	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
Lotus	I-Operating_System
Domino	I-Operating_System
,	O
or	O
Novell	B-Operating_System
GroupWise	I-Operating_System
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Email	O
,	O
calendar	B-Application
entries	O
,	O
contacts	O
,	O
tasks	O
,	O
and	O
memos	O
kept	O
on	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
server	O
are	O
automatically	O
synchronized	O
with	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
common	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
pre-installed	O
on	O
PDAs	B-Application
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
,	O
rarely	O
used	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
:	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	B-Application
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
VR3	O
,	O
iPAQ	B-Application
,	O
Sharp	B-Operating_System
Zaurus	I-Operating_System
PDA	B-Application
,	O
Opie	O
,	O
GPE	B-Language
,	O
Familiar	O
Linux	B-Application
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
PDAs	B-Application
include	O
Global	O
Positioning	O
System	O
(	O
GPS	O
)	O
receivers	O
;	O
this	O
is	O
particularly	O
true	O
of	O
smartphones	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
PDAs	B-Application
are	O
compatible	O
with	O
external	O
GPS-receiver	O
add-ons	O
that	O
use	O
the	O
PDA	B-Application
's	O
processor	O
and	O
screen	O
to	O
display	O
location	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PDAs	B-Application
with	O
GPS	O
functionality	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
automotive	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
PDAs	B-Application
are	O
increasingly	O
being	O
fitted	O
as	O
standard	O
on	O
new	O
cars	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PDA-based	O
GPS	O
can	O
also	O
display	O
traffic	O
conditions	O
,	O
perform	O
dynamic	O
routing	O
,	O
and	O
show	O
known	O
locations	O
of	O
roadside	O
mobile	O
radar	O
guns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TomTom	O
,	O
Garmin	O
,	O
and	O
iGO	B-Application
offer	O
GPS	O
navigation	O
software	O
for	O
PDAs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
businesses	O
and	O
government	O
organizations	O
rely	O
upon	O
rugged	O
PDAs	B-Application
,	O
sometimes	O
known	O
as	O
enterprise	B-Application
digital	I-Application
assistants	I-Application
(	O
EDAs	O
)	O
or	O
mobile	O
computers	O
,	O
for	O
mobile	O
data	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
PDAs	B-Application
have	O
features	O
that	O
make	O
them	O
more	O
robust	O
and	O
able	O
to	O
handle	O
inclement	O
weather	O
,	O
jolts	O
and	O
moisture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EDAs	O
often	O
have	O
extra	O
features	O
for	O
data	O
capture	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
barcode	B-Device
readers	I-Device
,	O
radio-frequency	B-Application
identification	I-Application
(	O
RFID	B-Application
)	O
readers	O
,	O
magnetic	O
stripe	O
card	O
readers	O
,	O
or	O
smart	O
card	O
readers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PDAs	B-Application
and	O
handheld	B-Application
devices	I-Application
are	O
allowed	O
in	O
many	O
classrooms	O
for	O
digital	O
note-taking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Students	O
can	O
spell-check	O
,	O
modify	O
,	O
and	O
amend	O
their	O
class	O
notes	O
on	O
a	O
PDA	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
educators	O
distribute	O
course	O
material	O
through	O
the	O
Internet	O
or	O
infrared	O
file-sharing	O
functions	O
of	O
the	O
PDA	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Textbook	O
publishers	O
have	O
begun	O
to	O
release	O
e-books	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
uploaded	O
directly	O
to	O
a	O
PDA	B-Application
,	O
reducing	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
textbooks	O
students	O
must	O
carry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brighton	O
and	O
SUSSEX	O
Medical	O
School	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
medical	O
school	O
to	O
provide	O
wide	O
scale	O
use	O
of	O
PDAs	B-Application
to	O
its	O
undergraduate	O
students	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
learning	O
opportunities	O
provided	O
by	O
having	O
PDAs	B-Application
complete	O
with	O
a	O
suite	O
of	O
key	O
medical	O
texts	O
was	O
studied	O
with	O
results	O
showing	O
that	O
learning	O
occurred	O
in	O
context	O
with	O
timely	O
access	O
to	O
key	O
facts	O
and	O
through	O
consolidation	O
of	O
knowledge	O
via	O
repetition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PDA	B-Application
was	O
an	O
important	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
learning	O
ecology	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
replacement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	O
companies	O
have	O
developed	O
PDA	B-Application
programs	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
instructional	O
needs	O
of	O
educational	O
institutions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
dictionaries	O
,	O
thesauri	O
,	O
word	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
software	O
,	O
encyclopedias	O
,	O
webinar	O
and	O
digital	O
lesson	O
planners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PDAs	B-Application
may	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
music	O
enthusiasts	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
music	O
file	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
PDAs	B-Application
include	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
an	O
MP3	O
player	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Road	O
rally	O
enthusiasts	O
can	O
use	O
PDAs	B-Application
to	O
calculate	O
distance	O
,	O
speed	O
,	O
and	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
information	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
navigation	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
PDA	B-Application
's	O
GPS	O
functions	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
navigation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Underwater	O
divers	O
can	O
use	O
PDAs	B-Application
to	O
plan	O
breathing	O
gas	O
mixtures	O
and	O
decompression	O
schedules	O
using	O
software	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
V-Planner	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Palm	B-Application
PDAs	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
Tungsten	O
E2	O
,	O
TX	O
,	O
Treo	O
,	O
and	O
Zire	B-Application
Handheld	I-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
smartphones	B-Application
running	O
on	O
Palm	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
and	O
its	O
successor	O
WebOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Pre	B-Application
and	O
Pixi	B-Application
.	O
</s>
