<s>
Programming	O
languages	O
that	O
natively	O
and	O
seamlessly	O
allow	O
objects	O
to	O
continue	O
existing	O
after	O
the	O
program	B-Application
has	O
been	O
closed	O
down	O
are	O
called	O
persistent	B-Language
programming	I-Language
languages	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
JADE	B-Language
is	O
one	O
such	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
persistent	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
is	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
extended	O
with	O
constructs	O
to	O
handle	O
persistent	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
persistent	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
:	O
</s>
<s>
Where	O
the	O
host	O
language	O
and	O
data	B-Language
manipulation	I-Language
language	I-Language
have	O
different	O
type	O
systems	O
,	O
code	O
conversion	O
operates	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
OO	O
type	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
hence	O
has	O
a	O
higher	O
chance	O
of	O
having	O
undetected	O
errors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Format	B-General_Concept
conversion	I-General_Concept
must	O
be	O
handled	O
explicitly	O
and	O
takes	O
a	O
substantial	O
amount	O
of	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
persistent	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
a	O
programmer	O
can	O
manipulate	O
persistent	O
data	O
without	O
having	O
to	O
write	O
such	O
code	O
explicitly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
drawbacks	O
of	O
persistent	B-Language
programming	I-Language
languages	I-Language
include	O
:	O
</s>
