<s>
A	O
per-seat	B-License
license	I-License
(	O
or	O
"	O
named	O
user	O
license	O
"	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
software	B-License
license	I-License
model	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
individual	O
users	O
who	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
a	O
digital	O
service	O
or	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Per	B-License
seat	I-License
licensing	I-License
is	O
administered	O
by	O
providing	O
user-level	O
security	O
to	O
the	O
directory	O
containing	O
the	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
contrasts	O
with	O
the	O
concurrent	B-Application
user	I-Application
license	I-Application
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
simultaneous	O
users	O
(	O
regardless	O
of	O
which	O
individuals	O
they	O
are	O
)	O
accessing	O
the	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
50-user	O
concurrent	B-Application
use	I-Application
license	I-Application
,	O
after	O
50	O
users	O
are	O
logged	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
program	O
,	O
the	O
51st	O
user	O
is	O
blocked	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Concurrent	B-Application
licensing	I-Application
can	O
be	O
managed	O
by	O
the	O
application	O
itself	O
or	O
via	O
independent	O
software	B-Application
metering	I-Application
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Per	B-License
seat	I-License
licensing	I-License
often	O
imposes	O
restrictions	O
on	O
the	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Per-seat	B-License
licensing	I-License
is	O
common	O
for	O
products	O
used	O
by	O
specialised	O
professionals	O
in	O
industrial	O
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Per-seat	B-License
licensing	I-License
usually	O
only	O
applies	O
to	O
intellectual	O
property	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
2001	O
,	O
per-seat	B-License
licensing	I-License
was	O
applied	O
to	O
the	O
real-world	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
traveling	O
art	O
installation	O
at	O
various	O
museums	O
and	O
art	O
galleries	O
,	O
starting	O
with	O
San	O
Francisco	O
Art	O
Institute	O
(	O
SFAI	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
licensing	O
schemes	O
were	O
offered	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
floating	B-Application
license	I-Application
which	O
would	O
allow	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
license	O
to	O
sit	O
on	O
any	O
ONE	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
share	O
the	O
seating	O
license	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
Internet-connected	O
chairs	O
;	O
the	O
license	O
only	O
allowed	O
one	O
set	O
of	O
spikes	O
to	O
retract	O
at-a-time	O
,	O
thus	O
creating	O
a	O
floating	B-Application
license	I-Application
to	O
real	O
physical	O
objects	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
