<s>
A	O
Pelletron	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
electrostatic	B-Algorithm
generator	I-Algorithm
,	O
structurally	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
Van	O
de	O
Graaff	O
generator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pelletrons	B-Algorithm
have	O
been	O
built	O
in	O
many	O
sizes	O
,	O
from	O
small	O
units	O
producing	O
voltages	O
up	O
to	O
500	O
kilovolts	O
(	O
kV	O
)	O
and	O
beam	O
energies	O
up	O
to	O
1	O
megaelectronvolt	O
(	O
MeV	O
)	O
of	O
kinetic	O
energy	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
largest	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
reached	O
a	O
DC	O
voltage	O
of	O
over	O
25	O
megavolts	O
and	O
produced	O
ion	O
beams	O
with	O
energies	O
over	O
900	O
MeV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
review	O
paper	O
of	O
F	O
.	O
Hinterberger	O
the	O
pelletron	B-Algorithm
was	O
first	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
mid	O
1960s	O
by	O
Prof	O
.	O
Ray	O
Herb	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1965	O
Ray	O
together	O
with	O
J	O
.	O
A.Ferr	O
y	O
and	O
T	O
.	O
Pauly	O
founded	O
the	O
National	O
Electrostatics	O
Corporation	O
,	O
to	O
manufacture	O
pelletrons	B-Algorithm
as	O
a	O
solution	O
to	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
ever	O
larger	O
Van	O
de	O
Graaff	O
machines	O
required	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
for	O
particle	O
physic	O
research	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
charge	O
is	O
carried	O
on	O
a	O
chain	O
of	O
'	O
pellets	O
 '	O
(	O
conductive	O
tubes	O
connected	O
by	O
links	O
made	O
of	O
insulating	O
material	O
)	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
up	O
high	O
voltages	O
on	O
the	O
Pelletron	B-Algorithm
terminal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
positive	O
terminal	O
Pelletron	B-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
pellets	O
pass	O
under	O
a	O
negatively-charged	O
inductor	O
electrode	O
just	O
before	O
they	O
leave	O
the	O
drive	O
pulley	O
to	O
maximise	O
the	O
effective	O
positive	O
charge	O
on	O
the	O
pellets	O
as	O
they	O
break	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
grounded	O
drive	O
pulley	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Large	O
pelletron	B-Algorithm
designs	O
can	O
typically	O
produce	O
a	O
DC	O
Voltage	O
of	O
several	O
tens	O
of	O
MV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pelletron	B-Algorithm
particle	O
accelerators	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
many	O
fields	O
,	O
including	O
materials	O
analysis	O
,	O
nuclear	O
physics	O
,	O
semiconductor	O
development	O
and	O
production	O
,	O
pharmaceutical	O
research	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
ultra-sensitive	O
mass	O
spectrometers	O
for	O
carbon	O
dating	O
and	O
measurement	O
of	O
other	O
rare	O
isotopes	O
.	O
</s>
