<s>
Peer	B-Protocol
Name	I-Protocol
Resolution	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
PNRP	B-Protocol
)	O
is	O
a	O
peer-to-peer	O
protocol	O
designed	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PNRP	B-Protocol
enables	O
dynamic	O
name	O
publication	O
and	O
resolution	O
,	O
and	O
requires	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
PNRP	B-Protocol
was	O
first	O
mentioned	O
during	O
a	O
presentation	O
at	O
a	O
P2P	O
conference	O
in	O
November	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
appeared	O
in	O
July	O
2003	O
in	O
the	O
Advanced	O
Networking	O
Pack	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
,	O
and	O
was	O
later	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
Service	O
Pack	O
2	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
PNRP	B-Protocol
2.0	O
was	O
introduced	O
with	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
and	O
was	O
available	O
for	O
download	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
Service	O
Pack	O
2	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PNRP	B-Protocol
2.1	O
is	O
included	O
in	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
SP1	O
,	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
and	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
SP3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PNRP	B-Protocol
v2	O
is	O
not	O
available	O
for	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
XP	I-Operating_System
Professional	I-Operating_System
x64	I-Operating_System
Edition	I-Operating_System
or	O
any	O
edition	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
Server	I-Application
2003	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Protocol
Remote	I-Protocol
Assistance	I-Protocol
in	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
uses	O
PNRP	B-Protocol
,	O
Teredo	O
and	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
when	O
connecting	O
using	O
the	O
Easy	O
Connect	O
option	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
design	O
of	O
PNRP	B-Protocol
is	O
covered	O
by	O
US	O
Patent	O
#7	O
,	O
065	O
,	O
587	O
,	O
issued	O
on	O
June	O
20	O
,	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
PNRP	B-Protocol
was	O
removed	O
in	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
with	O
version	O
1909	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PNRP	B-Protocol
is	O
a	O
distributed	O
name	O
resolution	O
protocol	O
allowing	O
Internet	O
hosts	O
to	O
publish	O
"	O
peer	O
names	O
"	O
and	O
corresponding	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
addresses	O
and	O
optionally	O
other	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
PNRP	B-Protocol
,	O
peer	O
names	O
are	O
composed	O
of	O
an	O
"	O
authority	O
"	O
and	O
a	O
"	O
qualifier	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
authority	O
is	O
identified	O
by	O
a	O
secure	B-Algorithm
hash	I-Algorithm
of	O
an	O
associated	O
public	B-Application
key	I-Application
,	O
or	O
by	O
a	O
place-holder	O
(	O
the	O
number	O
zero	O
)	O
if	O
the	O
peer	O
name	O
is	O
"	O
unsecured	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
a	O
peer	O
name	O
is	O
secure	O
,	O
the	O
PNRP	B-Protocol
name	O
records	O
are	O
signed	O
by	O
the	O
publishing	O
authority	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
verified	O
using	O
its	O
public	B-Application
key	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internally	O
,	O
PNRP	B-Protocol
uses	O
an	O
architecture	O
similar	O
to	O
distributed	B-Operating_System
hash	I-Operating_System
table	I-Operating_System
systems	O
such	O
as	O
Chord	B-Application
or	O
Pastry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DHT	O
systems	O
like	O
Chord	B-Application
or	O
Pastry	O
store	O
the	O
indices	O
of	O
objects	O
(	O
hashes	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
node	O
whose	O
identifier	O
is	O
closest	O
to	O
the	O
hash	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
routing	O
algorithm	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
find	O
that	O
node	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
PNRP	B-Protocol
always	O
store	O
the	O
hash	O
on	O
the	O
node	O
that	O
publishes	O
the	O
identifier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PNRP	B-Protocol
design	O
arguably	O
trades	O
increased	O
security	O
and	O
robustness	O
for	O
higher	O
routing	O
cost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
PNRP	B-Protocol
allows	O
multiple	O
hosts	O
to	O
publish	O
the	O
same	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
internal	O
index	O
is	O
in	O
fact	O
composed	O
of	O
the	O
128-bit	O
hash	O
of	O
the	O
peer	O
name	O
and	O
a	O
128-bit	O
location	O
identifier	O
,	O
derived	O
from	O
an	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
address	O
of	O
the	O
node	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PNRP	B-Protocol
does	O
not	O
use	O
a	O
routing	O
table	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
a	O
cache	O
of	O
PNRP	B-Protocol
entries	O
.	O
</s>
