<s>
The	O
pattern	B-Application
playback	I-Application
is	O
an	O
early	O
talking	O
device	O
that	O
was	O
built	O
by	O
Dr.	O
Franklin	O
S	O
.	O
Cooper	O
and	O
his	O
colleagues	O
,	O
including	O
John	O
M	O
.	O
Borst	O
and	O
Caryl	O
Haskins	O
,	O
at	O
Haskins	O
Laboratories	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1940s	O
and	O
completed	O
in	O
1950	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
research	O
was	O
fundamental	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
modern	O
techniques	O
of	O
speech	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
,	O
reading	O
machines	O
for	O
the	O
blind	O
,	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
speech	O
perception	O
and	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
motor	O
theory	O
of	O
speech	O
perception	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
create	O
sound	O
,	O
the	O
pattern	B-Application
playback	I-Application
machine	O
uses	O
an	O
arc	O
light	O
source	O
which	O
is	O
directed	O
against	O
a	O
rotating	O
disk	O
with	O
50	O
concentric	O
tracks	O
whose	O
transparencies	O
vary	O
systematically	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
produce	O
50	O
harmonics	O
of	O
a	O
fundamental	O
frequency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pattern	B-Application
playback	I-Application
was	O
last	O
used	O
in	O
an	O
experimental	O
study	O
by	O
Robert	O
Remez	O
in	O
1976	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pattern	B-Application
playback	I-Application
now	O
resides	O
in	O
the	O
Museum	O
at	O
Haskins	O
Laboratories	O
in	O
New	O
Haven	O
,	O
Connecticut	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
technique	O
of	O
pattern	B-Application
playback	I-Application
also	O
now	O
refers	O
,	O
more	O
generally	O
,	O
to	O
algorithms	O
or	O
techniques	O
for	O
converting	O
spectrograms	O
,	O
cochleagrams	O
,	O
and	O
correlograms	O
from	O
pictures	O
back	O
into	O
sounds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
1970s	O
,	O
digital	O
pattern	B-Application
playbacks	I-Application
began	O
to	O
supplant	O
the	O
earlier	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
for	O
automatic	O
spectral	O
analysis	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
VAX	B-Device
GT-40	O
display	O
processor	O
for	O
graphic	O
manipulation	O
of	O
the	O
displayed	O
spectrogram	O
,	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
"	O
synthesis	O
by	O
art	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
subsequent	O
re-synthesis	O
using	O
a	O
40	O
channel	O
filter	O
bank	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
hybrid	O
hardware/software	O
digital	O
pattern	B-Application
playback	I-Application
was	O
eventually	O
replaced	O
at	O
Haskins	O
Laboratories	O
by	O
the	O
HADES	O
analysis	O
and	O
display	O
system	O
,	O
designed	O
by	O
Philip	O
Rubin	O
,	O
and	O
implemented	O
in	O
Fortran	B-Application
on	O
the	O
VAX	B-Device
family	O
of	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
