<s>
A	O
paper	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
is	O
engineered	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
spacer	O
formed	O
largely	O
of	O
cellulose	O
(	O
the	O
major	O
constituent	O
of	O
paper	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
being	O
unusually	O
thin	O
,	O
paper	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
are	O
flexible	O
and	O
environmentally-friendly	O
,	O
allowing	O
integration	O
into	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
being	O
a	O
thin	O
,	O
flat	O
sheet	O
,	O
the	O
paper	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
can	O
easily	O
fit	O
into	O
tight	O
places	O
,	O
reducing	O
the	O
size	O
and	O
weight	O
of	O
the	O
device	O
it	O
powers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
paper	O
used	O
in	O
paper	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
supplemented	O
to	O
improve	O
its	O
performance	O
characteristics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Patterning	O
techniques	O
such	O
as	O
photolithography	B-Algorithm
,	O
wax	O
printing	O
,	O
and	O
laser	O
micromachining	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
hydrophobic	O
and	O
hydrophilic	O
sections	O
on	O
the	O
paper	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
pathway	O
to	O
direct	O
the	O
capillary	O
action	O
of	O
the	O
fluids	O
used	O
in	O
batteries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
paper	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
are	O
quite	O
impressive	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
components	O
that	O
make	O
them	O
great	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
carbon	O
nanotubes	O
and	O
patterning	O
,	O
are	O
complicated	O
and	O
expensive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Paper	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
of	O
this	O
type	O
can	O
be	O
activated	O
with	O
bodily	O
fluids	O
which	O
makes	O
them	O
very	O
useful	O
in	O
the	O
healthcare	O
field	O
such	O
as	O
single-use	O
medical	O
devices	O
or	O
tests	O
for	O
specific	O
diseases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
device	O
used	O
a	O
paper	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
made	O
using	O
a	O
magnesium	O
foil	O
anode	O
and	O
a	O
silver	O
cathode	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
diseases	O
in	O
patients	O
such	O
as	O
kidney	O
cancer	O
,	O
liver	O
cancer	O
,	O
and	O
osteoblastic	O
bone	O
cancer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Enhanced	O
paper	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
electrode	O
and	O
as	O
the	O
separator	O
which	O
results	O
in	O
a	O
sturdy	O
,	O
flexible	O
battery	O
that	O
have	O
great	O
performance	O
capabilities	O
such	O
as	O
good	O
cycling	B-Algorithm
,	O
great	O
efficiency	O
,	O
and	O
good	O
reversibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lithium-ion	O
paper	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
are	O
flexible	O
,	O
durable	O
,	O
rechargeable	O
,	O
and	O
produce	O
significantly	O
more	O
power	O
than	O
electrochemical	O
batteries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lithium-ion	O
paper	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
composed	O
of	O
carbon	O
nanotubes	O
and	O
a	O
cellulose	O
based	O
membrane	O
and	O
produce	O
good	O
results	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
a	O
high	O
price	O
tag	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
ability	O
to	O
use	O
electrolytes	O
in	O
the	O
blood	O
make	O
them	O
potentially	O
useful	O
for	O
medical	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
pacemakers	B-Device
,	O
medical	O
diagnostic	O
equipment	O
,	O
and	O
drug	O
delivery	O
transdermal	O
patches	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Paper	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
technology	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
supercapacitors	O
.	O
</s>
