<s>
PRISM	B-Application
is	O
a	O
probabilistic	O
model	B-Application
checker	I-Application
,	O
a	O
formal	O
verification	O
software	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
modelling	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
systems	O
that	O
exhibit	O
probabilistic	O
behaviour	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
source	O
of	O
such	O
systems	O
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
randomization	B-General_Concept
,	O
for	O
example	O
in	O
communication	O
protocols	O
like	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
and	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
,	O
or	O
in	O
security	O
protocols	O
such	O
as	O
Crowds	B-Protocol
and	O
Onion	B-Protocol
routing	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
PRISM	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
analyse	O
several	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
probabilistic	O
models	O
,	O
including	O
discrete-time	O
Markov	O
chains	O
,	O
continuous-time	O
Markov	O
chains	O
,	O
Markov	O
decision	O
processes	O
and	O
probabilistic	O
extensions	O
of	O
the	O
timed	B-Application
automata	I-Application
formalism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
of	O
PRISM	B-Application
is	O
primarily	O
carried	O
out	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Birmingham	O
and	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Oxford	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
tool	O
is	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
PRISM	B-Application
has	O
been	O
selected	O
for	O
the	O
Google	B-Application
Summer	I-Application
of	I-Application
Code	I-Application
programme	O
in	O
2013	O
and	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
