<s>
Peppol	B-Application
(	O
Pan-European	O
Public	O
Procurement	O
Online	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
specifications	O
for	O
establishing	O
and	O
also	O
the	O
primary	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
federated	O
electronic	O
procurement	O
system	O
for	O
use	O
across	O
different	O
jurisdictions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
Peppol	B-Application
,	O
participant	O
organisations	O
can	O
deliver	O
procurement	O
documents	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
including	O
electronic	B-Application
invoices	I-Application
in	O
machine	B-General_Concept
readable	I-General_Concept
formats	I-General_Concept
,	O
avoiding	O
the	O
labour	O
of	O
data	B-General_Concept
entry	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
implementation	O
of	O
Peppol	B-Application
as	O
at	O
1	O
March	O
2022	O
had	O
485,411	O
participant	O
organisations	O
from	O
78	O
countries	O
registered	O
to	O
receive	O
procurement	O
documents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
other	O
implementations	O
of	O
Peppol	B-Application
are	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
use	O
by	O
businesses	O
or	O
government	O
bodies	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whilst	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
possible	O
for	O
an	O
alternative	O
Peppol	B-Application
implementation	O
to	O
be	O
created	O
with	O
alternative	O
governance	O
arrangements	O
,	O
Peppol	B-Application
specifications	O
would	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
adjusted	O
to	O
remove	O
dependencies	O
on	O
the	O
OpenPeppol	O
association	O
in	O
aspects	O
including	O
mandatory	O
use	O
of	O
OpenPeppol	O
public	O
key	O
certificates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
an	O
implementation	O
of	O
Peppol	B-Application
,	O
a	O
single	O
central	O
database	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
Service	O
Metadata	O
Locator	O
(	O
SML	O
)	O
lists	O
participants	O
with	O
a	O
unique	O
identifier	O
,	O
the	O
electronic	O
procurement	O
standards	O
supported	O
by	O
each	O
participant	O
and	O
reference	O
to	O
a	O
separate	O
database	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
Service	O
Metadata	O
Publisher	O
(	O
SMP	O
)	O
that	O
each	O
participant	O
has	O
chosen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Service	O
Metadata	O
Publisher	O
(	O
SMP	O
)	O
extends	O
the	O
information	O
listed	O
on	O
a	O
participant	O
to	O
include	O
technical	O
information	O
on	O
a	O
web	B-General_Concept
application	I-General_Concept
programming	I-General_Concept
interface	I-General_Concept
known	O
as	O
an	O
Access	O
Point	O
(	O
AP	O
)	O
chosen	O
by	O
each	O
participant	O
to	O
deliver	O
procurement	O
documents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Peppol	B-Application
Authority	O
(	O
PA	O
)	O
is	O
typically	O
an	O
individual	O
government	O
body	O
for	O
a	O
country	O
and	O
they	O
may	O
impose	O
differing	O
requirements	O
and	O
technical	O
standards	O
on	O
Service	O
Metadata	O
Publishers	O
(	O
SMPs	O
)	O
prior	O
to	O
approval	O
being	O
granted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Delivery	O
of	O
procurement	O
information	O
in	O
an	O
implementation	O
of	O
Peppol	B-Application
occurs	O
directly	O
between	O
the	O
chosen	O
Access	O
Point	O
(	O
AP	O
)	O
of	O
a	O
sender	O
and	O
receiver	O
,	O
as	O
obtained	O
via	O
the	O
discovery	O
process	O
using	O
the	O
Service	O
Metadata	O
Locator	O
(	O
SML	O
)	O
and	O
relevant	O
Service	O
Metadata	O
Publishers	O
(	O
SMPs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Transport	B-Protocol
Layer	I-Protocol
Security	I-Protocol
is	O
used	O
and	O
procurement	O
documents	O
will	O
only	O
be	O
accepted	O
by	O
a	O
receiving	O
Access	O
Point	O
(	O
AP	O
)	O
if	O
the	O
payload	O
has	O
been	O
validly	O
signed	O
by	O
another	O
submitting	O
Access	O
Point	O
(	O
AP	O
)	O
,	O
providing	O
a	O
level	O
of	O
fraud	O
protection	O
against	O
phishing	O
and	O
other	O
confidence	O
tricks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
primary	O
implementation	O
used	O
worldwide	O
,	O
OpenPeppol	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
governing	O
body	O
,	O
delegates	O
responsibility	O
to	O
Peppol	B-Application
Authorities	O
(	O
PAs	O
)	O
to	O
approve	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Peppol	B-Application
Authorities	O
(	O
PAs	O
)	O
may	O
impose	O
differing	O
requirements	O
and	O
technical	O
standards	O
on	O
Access	O
Point	O
(	O
AP	O
)	O
service	O
providers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Peppol	B-Application
specification	O
development	O
and	O
the	O
primary	O
implementation	O
are	O
governed	O
by	O
the	O
OpenPEPPOL	O
Association	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PEPPOL	B-Application
originated	O
via	O
a	O
project	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
name	O
(	O
with	O
an	O
uppercase	O
stylised	O
acronym	O
)	O
under	O
the	O
European	O
Union	O
Competitiveness	O
and	O
Innovation	O
Programme	O
from	O
May	O
2008	O
to	O
August	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
European	O
Union	O
provided	O
funding	O
of	O
over	O
15	O
million	O
Euros	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Peppol	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
consortium	O
of	O
11	O
European	O
countries	O
being	O
Austria	O
,	O
Denmark	O
,	O
Finland	O
,	O
France	O
,	O
Germany	O
,	O
Greece	O
,	O
Italy	O
,	O
Norway	O
,	O
Portugal	O
,	O
Sweden	O
and	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
also	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Peppol	B-Application
over	O
this	O
period	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PEPPOL	B-Application
is	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
many	O
European	O
countries	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Denmark	O
:	O
All	O
public	O
institutions	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
support	O
e-invoicing	B-Application
using	O
PEPPOL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ireland	O
:	O
Public	O
bodies	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
accept	O
e-invoices	O
,	O
and	O
Ireland	O
has	O
chosen	O
PEPPOL	B-Application
as	O
the	O
supported	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Norway	O
:	O
E-invoicing	B-Application
is	O
mandatory	O
in	O
public	O
institutions	O
with	O
PEPPOL	B-Application
recommended	O
,	O
and	O
PEPPOL	B-Application
invoices	O
are	O
widely	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Austria	O
:	O
E-invoicing	B-Application
is	O
mandatory	O
for	O
the	O
federal	O
government	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PEPPOL	B-Application
is	O
supported	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Italy	O
:	O
E-invoicing	B-Application
is	O
mandatory	O
in	O
Italy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Italian	O
PEPPOL	B-Application
Authority	O
is	O
managed	O
by	O
AgID	O
,	O
the	O
agency	O
for	O
digital	O
transformation	O
of	O
the	O
Italian	O
public	O
sector	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
established	O
through	O
initiatives	O
directed	O
by	O
Roberto	O
Reale	O
and	O
Carmen	O
Ciciriello	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sweden	O
:	O
Accepting	O
PEPPOL	B-Application
is	O
mandatory	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
sector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Germany	O
:	O
Public	O
bodies	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
accept	O
PEPPOL	B-Application
e-invoices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
UK	O
:	O
Peppol	B-Application
is	O
an	O
"	O
integral	O
part	O
"	O
of	O
the	O
English	O
National	O
Health	O
Service	O
's	O
eProcurement	O
Strategy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supply	O
Chain	O
Coordination	O
Limited	O
(	O
SCCL	O
)	O
/	O
NHS	O
Supply	O
Chain	O
uses	O
PEPPOL	B-Application
formats	O
extensively	O
in	O
the	O
English	O
NHS	O
:	O
supplier	O
use	O
became	O
mandatory	O
on	O
1	O
October	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Crown	O
Commercial	O
Service	O
formerly	O
operated	O
a	O
framework	O
agreement	O
allowing	O
public	O
bodies	O
to	O
access	O
Peppol	B-Application
services	O
,	O
although	O
this	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Outside	O
Europe	O
,	O
Singapore	O
became	O
the	O
first	O
Peppol	B-Application
Authority	O
outside	O
Europe	O
in	O
May	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
Nationwide	O
E-invoicing	B-Application
Initiative	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
PEPPOL	B-Application
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Japan	O
,	O
Digital	O
Agency	O
,	O
Government	O
of	O
Japan	O
became	O
a	O
Peppol	B-Application
Authority	O
in	O
September	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Peppol	B-Application
has	O
also	O
been	O
considered	O
as	O
the	O
e-invoicing	B-Application
solution	O
in	O
Australia	O
and	O
New	O
Zealand	O
.	O
</s>
