<s>
Since	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
the	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
,	O
IBM	O
and	O
other	O
vendors	O
have	O
created	O
PC-based	B-Operating_System
IBM-compatible	I-Operating_System
mainframes	I-Operating_System
which	O
are	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
larger	O
IBM	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
computers	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
PC-based	O
mainframe-compatible	O
systems	O
had	O
a	O
lower	O
price	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
require	O
as	O
much	O
electricity	O
or	O
floor	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
they	O
sacrificed	O
performance	O
and	O
were	O
not	O
as	O
dependable	O
as	O
mainframe-class	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
products	O
have	O
been	O
popular	O
with	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
developers	O
,	O
in	O
education	O
and	O
training	O
settings	O
,	O
for	O
very	O
small	O
companies	O
with	O
non-critical	O
processing	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
certain	O
disaster	O
relief	O
roles	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
field	O
insurance	O
adjustment	O
systems	O
for	O
hurricane	O
relief	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Up	O
until	O
the	O
mid-1990s	O
,	O
mainframes	B-Architecture
were	O
very	O
large	O
machines	O
that	O
often	O
occupied	O
entire	O
rooms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
mainframes	B-Architecture
are	O
now	O
physically	O
comparatively	O
small	O
and	O
require	O
little	O
or	O
no	O
special	O
building	O
arrangements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
had	O
demonstrated	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
instruction	O
set	O
in	O
their	O
first	O
desktop	O
computer	O
—	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
5100	I-Device
,	O
released	O
in	O
1975	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
product	O
used	O
microcode	O
to	O
execute	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
System/370	B-Device
'	O
s	O
processor	O
instructions	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
run	O
a	O
slightly	O
modified	O
version	O
of	O
IBM	O
's	O
APL	B-Language
mainframe	B-Architecture
program	O
interpreter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1980	O
rumors	O
spread	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
IBM	B-Device
personal	I-Device
computer	I-Device
,	O
perhaps	O
a	O
miniaturized	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
370	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1981	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Personal	I-Device
Computer	I-Device
appeared	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
System	B-Device
370	I-Device
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
IBM	O
did	O
use	O
their	O
new	O
PC	O
platform	O
to	O
create	O
some	O
exotic	O
combinations	O
with	O
additional	O
hardware	O
that	O
could	O
execute	O
S/370	B-Device
instructions	O
locally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
could	O
run	O
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
locally	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
also	O
act	O
as	O
3270	B-Operating_System
terminal	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
finally	O
—	O
its	O
most	O
important	O
distinguishing	O
feature	O
relative	O
to	O
an	O
IBM	B-Device
3270	I-Device
PC	I-Device
—	O
was	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
execute	O
S/370	B-Device
instructions	O
locally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XT/370	O
was	O
an	O
IBM	B-Device
Personal	I-Device
Computer	I-Device
XT	I-Device
(	O
System	O
Unit	O
5160	O
)	O
with	O
three	O
custom	O
8-bit	O
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
processor	O
card	O
(	O
370PC-P	O
)	O
,	O
contained	O
two	O
modified	O
Motorola	B-Device
68000	I-Device
chips	O
(	O
which	O
could	O
emulate	O
most	O
S/370	B-Device
fixed-point	O
instructions	O
and	O
non-floating-point	O
instructions	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
Intel	B-Device
8087	I-Device
coprocessor	I-Device
modified	O
to	O
emulate	O
the	O
S/370	B-Device
floating	O
point	O
instructions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
third	O
card	O
(	O
PC3277-EM	O
)	O
,	O
was	O
a	O
3270	B-Operating_System
terminal	I-Operating_System
emulator	O
required	O
to	O
download	O
system	O
software	O
from	O
the	O
host	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XT/370	O
computer	O
booted	O
into	O
DOS	O
,	O
then	O
ran	O
the	O
VM/PC	O
Control	O
Program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
card	O
's	O
memory	O
space	O
added	O
additional	O
system	O
memory	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
first	O
(	O
motherboard	B-Device
)	O
memory	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
move	O
data	O
to	O
the	O
expansion	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
expansion	O
memory	O
was	O
dual	O
ported	O
,	O
and	O
provided	O
an	O
additional	O
to	O
the	O
XT	O
Machine	O
bringing	O
the	O
total	O
RAM	B-Architecture
on	O
the	O
XT	O
side	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
memory	O
arbitrator	O
could	O
bank	O
switch	O
the	O
second	O
128	O
KiB	O
bank	O
on	O
the	O
card	O
to	O
other	O
banks	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
XT	O
Intel	B-Device
8088	I-Device
processor	O
to	O
address	O
all	O
the	O
RAM	B-Architecture
on	O
the	O
370PC-M	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
the	O
of	O
usable	O
RAM	B-Architecture
for	O
S/370	B-Device
applications	O
,	O
the	O
XT/370	O
also	O
supported	O
up	O
to	O
of	O
virtual	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
using	O
the	O
hard	O
drive	O
as	O
its	O
paging	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
claimed	O
the	O
XT/370	O
reached	O
0.1	O
MIPS	O
(	O
when	O
the	O
data	O
fit	O
in	O
RAM	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1984	O
,	O
the	O
list	O
price	O
of	O
an	O
XT/370	O
in	O
its	O
typical	O
configuration	O
was	O
approximately	O
so	O
compared	O
favorably	O
with	O
IBM	O
's	O
own	O
mainframes	B-Architecture
on	O
a	O
$	O
/MIPS	O
basis	O
;	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
an	O
IBM	O
4341	O
delivered	O
1.2	O
MIPS	O
for	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
it	O
theoretically	O
reduced	O
demand	O
on	O
customers	O
 '	O
mainframes	B-Architecture
by	O
offloading	O
load	O
onto	O
the	O
smaller	O
computer	O
,	O
as	O
customers	O
purchased	O
more	O
XT/370s	O
they	O
likely	O
increased	O
the	O
overall	O
load	O
on	O
the	O
mainframes	B-Architecture
,	O
increasing	O
IBM	O
's	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
sales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similarly	O
to	O
the	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
version	O
of	O
VM/CMS	B-Application
,	O
the	O
VM/PC	O
also	O
created	O
the	O
illusion	O
of	O
virtual	B-General_Concept
disks	I-General_Concept
,	O
but	O
on	O
the	O
PC	O
version	O
these	O
were	O
maintained	O
as	O
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
files	O
,	O
either	O
on	O
floppy	O
or	O
hard	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CMS	O
IMPORT	O
and	O
EXPORT	O
commands	O
allowed	O
extraction	O
of	O
files	O
from	O
these	O
virtual	O
drives	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
ASCII/EBCDIC	O
conversion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Newer	O
revisions	O
of	O
the	O
XT/370	O
dropped	O
the	O
PC3277-EM	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
the	O
IBM	O
3278/79	O
boards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BYTE	B-Application
in	O
1984	O
called	O
the	O
XT/370	O
"	O
a	O
qualified	O
success	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1984	O
,	O
IBM	O
introduced	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Personal	I-Device
Computer	I-Device
AT/370	O
with	O
similar	O
cards	O
as	O
for	O
the	O
XT/370	O
and	O
updated	O
software	O
,	O
supporting	O
both	O
larger	O
hard	O
disks	O
and	O
DMA	O
transfers	O
from	O
the	O
3277	O
card	O
to	O
the	O
AT/370	O
Processor	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latter	O
card	O
still	O
had	O
only	O
512KB	O
for	O
memory	O
,	O
out	O
of	O
which	O
480KB	O
were	O
usable	O
for	O
programs	O
in	O
S/370	B-Device
mode	O
,	O
while	O
32KB	O
were	O
reserved	O
for	O
microcode	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
terminal	O
emulation	O
function	O
,	O
the	O
AT/370	O
came	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
3278/79	O
Emulation	O
Adapter	O
as	O
the	O
late-series	O
XT/370	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AT/370	O
motherboard	B-Device
itself	O
was	O
equipped	O
with	O
512KB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AT/370	O
also	O
ran	O
VM/PC	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
3.0	O
instead	O
of	O
2.10	O
that	O
the	O
XT	O
version	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VM/PC	O
version	O
2	O
,	O
launched	O
in	O
November	O
1985	O
,	O
improved	O
performance	O
by	O
up	O
to	O
50%	O
;	O
it	O
allowed	O
add-on	O
memory	O
(	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
disk	O
)	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
page	B-General_Concept
cache	I-General_Concept
for	O
VM	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
1988	O
,	O
IBM	O
introduced	O
a	O
System/370	B-Device
workstation	B-Device
that	O
had	O
been	O
shipping	O
to	O
some	O
customers	O
since	O
August	O
1987	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Officially	O
called	O
the	O
IBM	O
7437	O
VM/SP	B-Application
Technical	O
Workstation	B-Device
(	O
and	O
later	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
Personal	O
System/370	B-Device
)	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
freestanding	O
tower	O
that	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
MCA	B-Device
card	O
installed	O
in	O
a	O
PS/2	B-Device
Model	O
60	O
,	O
70	O
,	O
or	O
80	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
7437	O
tower	O
contained	O
the	O
processor	O
and	O
a	O
16Mbytes	O
main	O
memory	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
PS/2	B-Device
provided	O
I/O	O
and	O
disk	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
7437	O
ran	O
the	O
IBM	O
VM/SP	B-Application
operating	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
IBM	O
representative	O
described	O
the	O
7437	O
"	O
like	O
a	O
9370	B-Device
with	O
a	O
single	O
terminal	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
intended	O
for	O
existing	O
S/370	B-Device
users	O
and	O
its	O
November	O
1988	O
list	O
price	O
was	O
$	O
18,100	O
for	O
a	O
minimum	O
25-unit	O
order	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
its	O
intended	O
roles	O
was	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
single-user	O
S/370	B-Device
-compatible	O
computer	O
that	O
could	O
run	O
computer-aided	B-Application
design	I-Application
and	O
engineering	O
applications	O
that	O
originated	O
on	O
IBM	O
mainframes	B-Architecture
such	O
as	O
CADAM	O
and	O
CATIA	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
5080	O
was	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
7437	O
through	O
the	O
PS/2	B-Device
via	O
a	O
cable	O
and	O
MCA	B-Device
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
IBM	O
introduced	O
the	O
Personal/370	O
(	O
aka	O
P/370	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
slot	O
32-bit	O
MCA	B-Device
card	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
a	O
PS/2	B-Device
or	O
RS/6000	B-Device
computer	O
to	O
run	O
System/370	B-Device
OSs	O
(	O
like	O
MUSIC/SP	B-Application
,	O
VM	B-Application
,	O
VSE	B-Application
)	O
parallel	O
to	O
OS/2	B-Application
(	O
in	O
PS/2	B-Device
)	O
or	O
AIX	B-Application
(	O
in	O
RS/6000	B-Device
)	O
supporting	O
multiple	O
concurrent	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
complete	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
S/370	B-Device
Processor	O
including	O
a	O
FPU	B-General_Concept
co-processor	B-General_Concept
and	O
16	O
MB	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
additional	O
370	O
channel	O
card	O
can	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
provide	O
mainframe-specific	O
I/O	O
such	O
as	O
3270	B-Operating_System
local	O
control	O
units	O
,	O
3400/3480	O
tape	O
drives	O
or	O
7171	O
protocol	O
converters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1995	O
IBM	O
introduced	O
a	O
card	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
Enhanced	O
S/390	B-Device
MicroProcessor	O
Complex	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
supported	O
IBM	B-Device
ESA/390	I-Device
architecture	O
on	O
a	O
PC-based	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
's	O
PC-related	O
products	O
evolved	O
to	O
support	O
that	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
employing	O
the	O
card	O
(	O
IBM	O
part	O
number	O
8640-PB0	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
330	O
in	O
1998	O
and	O
the	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
500	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
important	O
goal	O
in	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
S/390	B-Device
Processor	O
Card	O
was	O
complete	O
compatibility	O
with	O
existing	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
operating	O
systems	O
and	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
S/390	B-Device
Processor	O
Card	O
incorporated	O
32MB	O
of	O
dedicated	O
memory	O
,	O
with	O
optional	O
32MB	O
or	O
96MB	O
daughter	O
cards	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
combined	O
total	O
of	O
64MB	O
or	O
128MB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
built	O
to	O
plug	O
into	O
a	O
MicroChannel	B-Device
host	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second	O
version	O
was	O
built	O
for	O
a	O
PCI	B-Protocol
host	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
was	O
built	O
for	O
a	O
PCI	B-Protocol
host	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
R/390	O
was	O
the	O
designation	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
expansion	O
card	O
used	O
in	O
an	O
IBM	B-Device
RS/6000	I-Device
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
R/390	O
featured	O
a	O
67	O
or	O
77MHz	O
POWER2	B-General_Concept
processor	O
and	O
32	O
to	O
512	O
MB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
configuration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MCA	B-Device
P/390	O
expansion	O
card	O
can	O
be	O
installed	O
in	O
any	O
MCA	B-Device
RS/6000	B-Device
system	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
PCI	B-Protocol
P/390	O
card	O
can	O
be	O
installed	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
early	O
PCI	B-Protocol
RS/6000s	B-Device
;	O
all	O
such	O
configurations	O
are	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
an	O
R/390	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
R/390	O
servers	O
need	O
to	O
run	O
AIX	B-Application
version	O
4	O
as	O
the	O
host	O
operating	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
P/390	O
was	O
the	O
designation	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
expansion	O
card	O
used	O
in	O
an	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
and	O
was	O
less	O
expensive	O
than	O
the	O
R/390	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
P/390	O
server	O
was	O
housed	O
in	O
an	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
500	O
and	O
featured	O
a	O
90MHz	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
Pentium	I-General_Concept
processor	O
for	O
running	O
OS/2	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
model	O
was	O
revised	O
in	O
mid-1996	O
and	O
rebranded	O
as	O
the	O
PC	O
Server	O
520	O
,	O
which	O
featured	O
a	O
133MHz	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
Pentium	I-General_Concept
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
models	O
came	O
standard	O
with	O
32MB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
and	O
were	O
expandable	O
to	O
256MB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PC	O
Server	O
500	O
featured	O
eight	O
MCA	B-Device
expansion	O
slots	O
while	O
the	O
PC	O
Server	O
520	O
added	O
two	O
PCI	B-Protocol
expansion	O
slots	O
and	O
removed	O
two	O
MCA	B-Device
slots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
S/390	B-Operating_System
Integrated	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
(	O
aka	O
S/390	B-Device
IS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
housed	O
in	O
a	O
comparably	O
small	O
case	O
(	O
HxWxD	O
are	O
82	O
x	B-Operating_System
52	O
x	B-Operating_System
111cm	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
intended	O
for	O
customers	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
require	O
the	O
I/O	O
bandwidth	O
and	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
S/390	B-Device
Multiprise	I-Device
3000	I-Device
(	O
which	O
has	O
the	O
same	O
size	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Only	O
256	O
MB	O
of	O
ECC	O
Memory	O
and	O
a	O
single	O
CMOS	O
main	O
processor	O
(	O
performance	O
about	O
8MIPS	O
)	O
are	O
used	O
;	O
the	O
S/390	B-Device
CPU	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
Integrated	O
Server	O
is	O
in	O
fact	O
the	O
P/390	O
E-card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Pentium	B-General_Concept
II	I-General_Concept
is	O
used	O
as	O
IOSP	O
(	O
I/O	O
Service	O
Processor	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supports	O
four	O
ESCON	B-Device
and	O
to	O
four	O
parallel	O
channels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Standard	O
PCI	B-Protocol
and	O
ISA	O
slots	O
are	O
present	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
supported	O
OSs	O
are	O
OS/390	O
,	O
MVS/ESA	O
,	O
VM/ESA	B-Application
and	O
VSE/ESA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fujitsu	O
offers	O
two	O
based	O
systems	O
that	O
make	O
up	O
the	O
lower	O
end	O
of	O
Fujitsu	O
's	O
S/390	B-Device
-based	O
BS2000	B-Application
mainframe	B-Architecture
product	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
Intel	O
64-based	O
BS2000	B-Application
mainframes	B-Architecture
can	O
run	O
Linux	O
or	O
Windows	O
in	O
separate	O
partitions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fujitsu	O
also	O
continues	O
to	O
make	O
custom	O
S/390	B-Device
-native	O
processors	O
and	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
hardware	O
for	O
the	O
high	O
end	O
of	O
its	O
BS2000	B-Application
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
,	O
PC	O
processors	O
have	O
become	O
fast	O
enough	O
to	O
perform	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
emulation	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
coprocessor	B-General_Concept
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
currently	O
several	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
emulators	O
available	O
that	O
support	O
System/390	B-Device
and	O
z/Architecture	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
FLEX-ES	O
by	O
Fundamental	O
Software	O
emulates	O
both	O
System/390	B-Device
(	O
ESA/390	O
)	O
and	O
z/Architecture	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Claimed	O
to	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
PC-based	O
IBM-compatible	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
products	O
(	O
as	O
of	O
2006	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
FLEX-ES	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
running	O
on	O
most	O
PC	O
hardware	O
,	O
the	O
licensing	O
agreement	O
requires	O
that	O
FLEX-ES	O
must	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
machine	O
with	O
which	O
it	O
was	O
sold	O
;	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
this	O
included	O
Compaq	O
Proliant	O
and	O
HP	O
servers	O
,	O
but	O
today	O
this	O
is	O
nearly	O
always	O
an	O
approved	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
xSeries	I-Operating_System
server	O
or	O
a	O
ThinkPad	B-Operating_System
laptop	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hercules	B-Application
,	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
emulator	O
for	O
the	O
System/370	B-Device
,	O
System/390	B-Device
,	O
and	O
z/Architecture	B-Device
instruction	O
sets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
IBM	O
does	O
not	O
license	O
its	O
current	O
operating	O
systems	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
Hercules	B-Application
,	O
earlier	O
System/370	B-Device
operating	O
systems	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
domain	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
legally	O
run	O
on	O
Hercules	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
zPDT	O
(	O
System/z	O
Personal	O
Development	O
Tool	O
)	O
,	O
an	O
IBM	O
offering	O
allowing	O
IBM	O
PartnerWorld	O
Independent	O
Software	O
Developers	O
(	O
ISVs	O
)	O
to	O
legally	O
run	O
z/OS	B-Application
1.6	O
(	O
or	O
higher	O
)	O
,	O
DB2	B-Application
V8	O
(	O
or	O
higher	O
)	O
,	O
z/TPF	B-Operating_System
,	O
or	O
z/VSE	B-Application
4.1	O
(	O
or	O
higher	O
)	O
on	O
PC-based	O
machines	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
acquired	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
Linux	O
emulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
ZD&T	O
(	O
Z	O
Development	O
and	O
Test	O
Environment	O
)	O
,	O
an	O
IBM	O
offering	O
provides	O
an	O
x86-based	O
environment	O
that	O
emulates	O
Z	O
hardware	O
and	O
runs	O
genuine	O
z/OS	B-Application
software	O
,	O
offering	O
unmatched	O
application	O
portability	O
and	O
compatibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
Z	O
Development	O
and	O
Test	O
Environment	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
education	O
,	O
demonstration	O
,	O
and	O
development	O
and	O
test	O
of	O
applications	O
that	O
include	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Z390	O
and	O
zCOBOL	O
is	O
a	O
portable	O
macro	O
assembler	O
and	O
COBOL	O
compiler	O
,	O
linker	O
,	O
and	O
emulator	O
toolkit	O
providing	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
develop	O
,	O
test	O
,	O
and	O
deploy	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
compatible	O
assembler	O
and	O
COBOL	O
programs	O
using	O
any	O
computer	O
that	O
supports	O
J2SE	O
1.6.0	O
+	O
runtime	O
.	O
</s>
