<s>
PA-RISC	B-Device
is	O
an	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
(	O
ISA	O
)	O
developed	O
by	O
Hewlett-Packard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
name	O
implies	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
reduced	B-Architecture
instruction	I-Architecture
set	I-Architecture
computer	I-Architecture
(	O
RISC	B-Architecture
)	O
architecture	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
PA	O
stands	O
for	O
Precision	B-Device
Architecture	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
design	O
is	O
also	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
HP/PA	B-Device
for	O
Hewlett	B-Device
Packard	I-Device
Precision	I-Device
Architecture	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
architecture	O
was	O
introduced	O
on	O
26	O
February	O
1986	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
3000	I-Device
Series	I-Device
930	I-Device
and	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
Model	I-Device
840	I-Device
computers	O
were	O
launched	O
featuring	O
the	O
first	O
implementation	O
,	O
the	O
TS1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PA-RISC	B-Device
was	O
succeeded	O
by	O
the	O
Itanium	B-General_Concept
(	O
originally	O
IA-64	O
)	O
ISA	O
,	O
jointly	O
developed	O
by	O
HP	O
and	O
Intel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HP	O
stopped	O
selling	O
PA-RISC-based	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
systems	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2008	O
but	O
supported	O
servers	O
running	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
chips	O
until	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
,	O
HP	O
was	O
building	O
four	O
series	O
of	O
computers	O
,	O
all	O
based	O
on	O
CISC	B-Architecture
CPUs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
line	O
was	O
the	O
IBM	O
PC	O
compatible	O
Intel	O
i286-based	O
Vectra	O
Series	O
,	O
started	O
in	O
1986	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
them	O
was	O
the	O
HP	O
Series	O
300	O
of	O
Motorola	O
68000-based	O
workstations	B-Device
,	O
another	O
Series	O
200	O
line	O
of	O
technical	O
workstations	B-Device
based	O
on	O
a	O
custom	O
silicon	B-Algorithm
on	I-Algorithm
sapphire	I-Algorithm
(	O
SOS	O
)	O
chip	O
design	O
,	O
the	O
SOS	O
based	O
16-bit	O
HP	B-Device
3000	I-Device
classic	O
series	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
Series	O
500	O
minicomputers	B-Architecture
,	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
(	O
16	O
-	O
and	O
32-bit	O
)	O
FOCUS	B-Application
microprocessor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Precision	B-Device
Architecture	I-Device
is	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
what	O
was	O
known	O
inside	O
Hewlett-Packard	O
as	O
the	O
Spectrum	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HP	O
planned	O
to	O
use	O
Spectrum	O
to	O
move	O
all	O
of	O
their	O
non-PC	O
compatible	O
machines	O
to	O
a	O
single	O
RISC	B-Architecture
CPU	O
family	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Work	O
began	O
on	O
the	O
Precision	B-Device
Architecture	I-Device
at	O
HP	O
Laboratories	O
in	O
early	O
1982	O
defining	O
the	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
and	O
virtual	O
memory	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
TTL	B-General_Concept
implementation	O
began	O
in	O
April	O
1983	O
,	O
with	O
simulation	O
of	O
the	O
processor	O
occurring	O
in	O
1983	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
complete	O
processor	O
delivered	O
to	O
software	O
developers	O
in	O
July	O
1984	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
thirty-two	O
32-bit	O
integer	O
registers	O
and	O
sixteen	O
64-bit	B-Device
floating-point	O
registers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
implementation	O
was	O
the	O
TS1	O
,	O
a	O
central	O
processing	O
unit	O
built	O
from	O
discrete	O
transistor	B-General_Concept
–	I-General_Concept
transistor	I-General_Concept
logic	I-General_Concept
(	O
74F	O
TTL	B-General_Concept
)	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
were	O
first	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
series	O
of	O
HP	B-Device
3000	I-Device
machines	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
–	O
the	O
930	O
and	O
950	O
,	O
commonly	O
known	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
as	O
Spectrum	O
systems	O
,	O
the	O
name	O
given	O
to	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
labs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
machines	O
ran	O
MPE-XL	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
machines	O
were	O
soon	O
upgraded	O
with	O
the	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
processor	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
running	O
the	O
HP-UX	B-Application
version	O
of	O
UNIX	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
operating	O
systems	O
ported	O
to	O
the	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
architecture	O
include	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
NetBSD	B-Device
and	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
interesting	O
aspect	O
of	O
the	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
line	O
is	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
its	O
generations	O
have	O
no	O
Level	O
2	O
cache	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Only	O
the	O
PA-7100LC	B-General_Concept
and	O
PA-7300LC	B-General_Concept
have	O
L2	O
caches	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
innovation	O
of	O
the	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
is	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
vector	O
instructions	O
(	O
SIMD	B-Device
)	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
MAX	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
were	O
first	O
introduced	O
on	O
the	O
PA-7100LC	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Precision	O
RISC	B-Architecture
Organization	O
,	O
an	O
industry	O
group	O
led	O
by	O
HP	O
,	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
1992	O
,	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Members	O
included	O
Convex	O
,	O
Hitachi	O
,	O
Hughes	O
Aircraft	O
,	O
Mitsubishi	O
,	O
NEC	O
,	O
OKI	O
,	O
Prime	O
,	O
Stratus	B-General_Concept
,	O
Yokogawa	O
,	O
Red	O
Brick	O
Software	O
,	O
and	O
Allegro	O
Consultants	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ISA	O
was	O
extended	O
in	O
1996	O
to	O
64bits	B-Device
,	O
with	O
this	O
revision	O
named	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PA-RISC	B-Device
2.0	O
also	O
added	O
fused	O
multiply	O
–	O
add	O
instructions	O
,	O
which	O
help	O
certain	O
floating-point	O
intensive	O
algorithms	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
MAX-2	B-General_Concept
SIMD	B-Device
extension	O
,	O
which	O
provides	O
instructions	O
for	O
accelerating	O
multimedia	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
2.0	O
implementation	O
was	O
the	O
PA-8000	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
January	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Image	O
Model	O
MarketingnameYearFrequency[MHz]Memory	O
Bus[MB/s]Process[μm]Transistors[millions]Die	O
size[mm²]Power[W]Dcache[KB]Icache[KB]L2	O
cache[MB]ISANotes	O
TS-1	O
?	O
19868	O
??	O
—	O
—	O
??	O
</s>
<s>
?	O
1.0	O
80px	O
PCX-S	O
PA-7000	O
199166	O
?	O
1.00.58201.6	O
?	O
256256	O
—	O
1.1a	O
80px	O
PCX-T	O
PA-7100	B-General_Concept
199233	O
–	O
100	O
?	O
0.80.85196	O
?	O
20481024	O
—	O
1.1b	O
80px	O
PCX-T	O
PA-7150	B-General_Concept
1994125	O
?	O
0.80.85196	O
?	O
20481024	O
—	O
1.1b	O
80px	O
PCX-T	O
'	O
PA-7200	B-General_Concept
19941209600.551.262103010242048	O
—	O
1.1c	O
80px	O
PCX-L	O
PA-7100LC	B-General_Concept
199460	O
–	O
100	O
?	O
0.750.9201.67	O
–	O
11	O
—	O
121.1d	O
80px	O
PCX-L2	O
PA-7300LC	B-General_Concept
1996132	O
–	O
180	O
?	O
0.59.2260.1	O
?	O
64640	O
–	O
81.1e	O
80px	O
PCX-U	O
PA-8000	B-General_Concept
1996160	O
–	O
1809600.53.8337.68	O
?	O
10241024	O
—	O
2.0	O
80px	O
PCX-U	O
+	O
PA-8200	B-General_Concept
1997200	O
–	O
2409600.53.8337.68	O
?	O
20482048	O
—	O
2.0	O
80px	O
PCX-W	O
PA-8500	B-General_Concept
1998300	O
–	O
44019200.25140467	O
?	O
1024512	O
—	O
2.0	O
"	O
HP	O
L1000	O
&	O
L2000	O
(	O
rp5400/rp5450	O
)	O
Servers	O
"	O
,	O
openpa.net	O
80px	O
PCX-W	O
+	O
PA-8600	B-General_Concept
2000360	O
–	O
55019200.25140467	O
?	O
1024512	O
—	O
2.0	O
80px	O
PCX-W2	O
PA-8700	B-General_Concept
( +	O
)	O
2001625	O
–	O
87519200.18186304	O
<	O
7.1	O
@1	O
.5	O
V1536768	O
—	O
2.0	O
80px	O
Mako	O
PA-8800	B-General_Concept
2003800	O
–	O
100064000.13300361	O
?	O
768/core768/core0	O
or	O
322.0	O
80px	O
Shortfin	O
PA-8900	B-General_Concept
2005800	O
–	O
110064000.13	O
??	O
</s>
