<s>
The	B-Application
Oxford	I-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
(	O
OED	B-Application
)	O
is	O
the	O
principal	O
historical	O
dictionary	O
of	O
the	O
English	O
language	O
,	O
published	O
by	O
Oxford	O
University	O
Press	O
(	O
OUP	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Work	O
began	O
on	O
the	O
dictionary	O
in	O
1857	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
only	O
in	O
1884	O
that	O
it	O
began	O
to	O
be	O
published	O
in	O
unbound	O
fascicles	O
as	O
work	O
continued	O
on	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
A	B-Application
New	I-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
on	I-Application
Historical	I-Application
Principles	I-Application
;	O
Founded	O
Mainly	O
on	O
the	O
Materials	O
Collected	O
by	O
The	O
Philological	O
Society	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1895	O
,	O
the	O
title	O
The	B-Application
Oxford	I-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
was	O
first	O
used	O
unofficially	O
on	O
the	O
covers	O
of	O
the	O
series	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
1928	O
the	O
full	O
dictionary	O
was	O
republished	O
in	O
10	O
bound	O
volumes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1933	O
,	O
the	O
title	O
The	B-Application
Oxford	I-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
fully	O
replaced	O
the	O
former	O
name	O
in	O
all	O
occurrences	O
in	O
its	O
reprinting	O
as	O
12	O
volumes	O
with	O
a	O
one-volume	O
supplement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
historical	O
dictionary	O
,	O
the	B-Application
Oxford	I-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
features	O
entries	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
earliest	O
ascertainable	O
recorded	O
sense	O
of	O
a	O
word	O
,	O
whether	O
current	O
or	O
obsolete	O
,	O
is	O
presented	O
first	O
,	O
and	O
each	O
additional	O
sense	O
is	O
presented	O
in	O
historical	O
order	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
date	O
of	O
its	O
earliest	O
ascertainable	O
recorded	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
format	O
of	O
the	O
OEDs	B-Application
entries	O
has	O
influenced	O
numerous	O
other	O
historical	O
lexicography	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
forerunners	O
to	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
early	O
volumes	O
of	O
the	O
Deutsches	O
Wörterbuch	O
,	O
had	O
initially	O
provided	O
few	O
quotations	O
from	O
a	O
limited	O
number	O
of	O
sources	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
editors	O
preferred	O
larger	O
groups	O
of	O
quite	O
short	O
quotations	O
from	O
a	O
wide	O
selection	O
of	O
authors	O
and	O
publications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
publishers	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
take	O
a	O
single	O
person	O
120	O
years	O
to	O
"	O
key	O
in	O
"	O
the	O
59	O
million	O
words	O
of	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
second	O
edition	O
,	O
60	O
years	O
to	O
proofread	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
540	O
megabytes	O
to	O
store	O
them	O
electronically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
30	O
November	O
2005	O
,	O
the	B-Application
Oxford	I-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
contained	O
approximately	O
301,100	O
main	O
entries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
its	O
considerable	O
size	O
,	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
is	O
neither	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
largest	O
nor	O
the	O
earliest	O
exhaustive	O
dictionary	O
of	O
a	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oxford	B-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
Publications	O
Publicationdate	O
Volumerange	O
Title	O
Volume1888A	O
and	O
BA	O
New	O
EDVol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
,	O
the	O
society	O
agreed	O
to	O
the	O
project	O
in	O
principle	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
title	O
A	B-Application
New	I-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
on	I-Application
Historical	I-Application
Principles	I-Application
(	O
NED	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
His	O
house	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
editorial	B-Application
office	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Late	O
in	O
his	O
editorship	O
,	O
Murray	O
learned	O
that	O
one	O
especially	O
prolific	O
reader	O
,	O
W	O
.	O
C	O
.	O
Minor	O
,	O
was	O
confined	O
to	O
a	O
mental	O
hospital	O
for	O
(	O
in	O
modern	O
terminology	O
)	O
schizophrenia	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
story	O
of	O
how	O
Murray	O
and	O
Minor	O
worked	O
together	O
to	O
advance	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
was	O
retold	O
in	O
the	O
1998	O
book	O
The	O
Surgeon	O
of	O
Crowthorne	O
(	O
US	O
title	O
:	O
The	O
Professor	O
and	O
the	O
Madman	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
a	O
2019	O
film	O
,	O
The	O
Professor	O
and	O
the	O
Madman	O
,	O
starring	O
Mel	O
Gibson	O
and	O
Sean	O
Penn	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
full	O
title	O
was	O
A	B-Application
New	I-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
on	I-Application
Historical	I-Application
Principles	I-Application
;	O
Founded	O
Mainly	O
on	O
the	O
Materials	O
Collected	O
by	O
The	O
Philological	O
Society	O
;	O
the	O
352-page	O
volume	O
,	O
words	O
from	O
A	O
to	O
Ant	O
,	O
cost	O
12s	O
6d	O
(	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OUP	O
saw	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
take	O
too	O
long	O
to	O
complete	O
the	O
work	O
with	O
unrevised	O
editorial	B-Application
arrangements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1919	O
–	O
1920	O
,	O
J	O
.	O
R	O
.	O
R	O
.	O
Tolkien	O
was	O
employed	O
by	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
,	O
researching	O
etymologies	O
of	O
the	O
Waggle	O
to	O
Warlock	O
range	O
;	O
later	O
he	O
parodied	O
the	O
principal	O
editors	O
as	O
"	O
The	O
Four	O
Wise	O
Clerks	O
of	O
Oxenford	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
story	O
Farmer	O
Giles	O
of	O
Ham	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
1895	O
,	O
the	O
title	O
Oxford	B-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
was	O
first	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
William	O
Shakespeare	B-Language
is	O
the	O
most-quoted	O
writer	O
in	O
the	O
completed	O
dictionary	O
,	O
with	O
Hamlet	B-Application
his	O
most-quoted	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
1933	O
the	O
original	O
fascicles	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
dictionary	O
were	O
re-issued	O
,	O
bound	O
into	O
12	O
volumes	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
title	O
"	O
The	B-Application
Oxford	I-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
actually	O
took	O
29	O
years	O
,	O
by	O
which	O
time	O
the	O
new	O
supplement	O
(	O
OEDS	B-Application
)	O
had	O
grown	O
to	O
four	O
volumes	O
,	O
starting	O
with	O
A	O
,	O
H	O
,	O
O	O
,	O
and	O
Sea	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
these	O
had	O
only	O
a	O
single	O
recorded	O
usage	O
,	O
but	O
many	O
had	O
multiple	O
recorded	O
citations	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
ran	O
against	O
what	O
was	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
established	O
OED	B-Application
editorial	B-Application
practice	O
and	O
a	O
perception	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
opened	O
up	O
the	O
dictionary	O
to	O
"	O
World	O
English	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Preparation	O
for	O
this	O
process	O
began	O
in	O
1983	O
,	O
and	O
editorial	B-Application
work	O
started	O
the	O
following	O
year	O
under	O
the	O
administrative	O
direction	O
of	O
Timothy	O
J	O
.	O
Benbow	O
,	O
with	O
John	O
A	O
.	O
Simpson	O
and	O
Edmund	O
S	O
.	O
C	O
.	O
Weiner	O
as	O
co-editors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
Simpson	O
published	O
his	O
memoir	O
chronicling	O
his	O
years	O
at	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
:	O
The	O
Word	O
Detective	O
:	O
Searching	O
for	O
the	O
Meaning	O
of	O
It	O
All	O
at	O
the	B-Application
Oxford	I-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
–	O
A	O
Memoir	O
(	O
New	O
York	O
:	O
Basic	O
Books	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
began	O
the	O
New	O
Oxford	B-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
(	O
NOED	O
)	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Retyping	O
the	O
text	O
alone	O
was	O
not	O
sufficient	O
;	O
all	O
the	O
information	O
represented	O
by	O
the	O
complex	O
typography	B-Application
of	O
the	O
original	O
dictionary	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
retained	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
done	O
by	O
marking	O
up	O
the	O
content	O
in	O
SGML	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
a	O
1985	O
agreement	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
this	O
software	O
work	O
was	O
done	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Waterloo	O
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
Centre	O
for	O
the	O
New	O
Oxford	B-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
,	O
led	O
by	O
Frank	O
Tompa	O
and	O
Gaston	O
Gonnet	O
;	O
this	O
search	O
technology	O
went	O
on	O
to	O
become	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
Open	O
Text	O
Corporation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computer	O
hardware	O
,	O
database	O
and	O
other	O
software	O
,	O
development	O
managers	O
,	O
and	O
programmers	O
for	O
the	O
project	O
were	O
donated	O
by	O
the	O
British	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
IBM	O
;	O
the	O
colour	O
syntax-directed	O
editor	O
for	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
LEXX	B-Application
,	O
was	O
written	O
by	O
Mike	O
Cowlishaw	O
of	O
IBM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
word	O
"	O
new	O
"	O
was	O
again	O
dropped	O
from	O
the	O
name	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
second	O
edition	O
of	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
,	O
or	O
the	O
OED2	O
,	O
was	O
published	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
Oxford	I-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
2	O
was	O
printed	O
in	O
20	O
volumes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Time	O
dubbed	O
the	O
book	O
"	O
a	O
scholarly	O
Everest	B-Application
"	O
,	O
and	O
Richard	O
Boston	O
,	O
writing	O
for	O
The	O
Guardian	O
,	O
called	O
it	O
"	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
wonders	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
supplements	O
and	O
their	O
integration	O
into	O
the	O
second	O
edition	O
were	O
a	O
great	O
improvement	O
to	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
as	O
a	O
whole	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
recognized	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
entries	O
were	O
still	O
fundamentally	O
unaltered	O
from	O
the	O
first	O
edition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
attempt	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
new	O
edition	O
came	O
with	O
the	B-Application
Oxford	I-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
Additions	O
Series	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
set	O
of	O
supplements	O
to	O
complement	O
the	O
OED2	O
with	O
the	O
intention	O
of	O
producing	O
a	O
third	O
edition	O
from	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oxford	B-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
Additions	O
Series	O
Volume	O
1	O
(	O
)	O
:	O
Includes	O
over	O
20,000	O
illustrative	O
quotations	O
showing	O
the	O
evolution	O
of	O
each	O
word	O
or	O
meaning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oxford	B-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
Additions	O
Series	O
Volume	O
3	O
(	O
)	O
:	O
Contains	O
3,000	O
new	O
words	O
and	O
meanings	O
from	O
around	O
the	O
English-speaking	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beginning	O
with	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
OED	B-Application
Online	I-Application
site	O
in	O
2000	O
,	O
the	O
editors	O
of	O
the	O
dictionary	O
began	O
a	O
major	O
revision	O
project	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
completely	O
revised	O
third	O
edition	O
of	O
the	O
dictionary	O
(	O
OED3	O
)	O
,	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
completed	O
in	O
2037	O
at	O
a	O
projected	O
cost	O
of	O
about	O
£34	O
million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Revisions	O
were	O
started	O
at	O
the	O
letter	O
M	O
,	O
with	O
new	O
material	O
appearing	O
every	O
three	O
months	O
on	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
Online	I-Application
website	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
relaunch	O
of	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
Online	I-Application
website	O
in	O
December	O
2010	O
,	O
alphabetical	O
revision	O
was	O
abandoned	O
altogether	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
production	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
edition	O
exploits	O
computer	O
technology	O
,	O
particularly	O
since	O
the	O
inauguration	O
in	O
June	O
2005	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
Perfect	O
All-Singing	O
All-Dancing	O
Editorial	B-Application
and	O
Notation	O
Application	B-Application
"	O
,	O
or	O
"	O
Pasadena	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
this	O
XML-based	O
system	O
,	O
lexicographers	O
can	O
spend	O
less	O
effort	O
on	O
presentation	O
issues	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
numbering	O
of	O
definitions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OEDs	B-Application
readers	O
contribute	O
quotations	O
:	O
the	O
department	O
currently	O
receives	O
about	O
200,000	O
a	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OED	B-Application
currently	O
contains	O
over	O
600,000	O
entries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
update	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
on	O
a	O
quarterly	O
basis	O
to	O
make	O
up	O
for	O
its	O
Third	O
Edition	O
revising	O
their	O
existing	O
entries	O
and	O
adding	O
new	O
words	O
and	O
senses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
accompanied	O
by	O
a	O
magnifying	O
glass	O
as	O
before	O
and	O
A	O
User	O
's	O
Guide	O
to	O
the	O
"	O
Oxford	B-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
"	O
,	O
by	O
Donna	O
Lee	O
Berg	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Compact	O
Oxford	B-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
(	O
second	O
edition	O
,	O
1991	O
,	O
)	O
:	O
Includes	O
definitions	O
of	O
500,000	O
words	O
,	O
290,000	O
main	O
entries	O
,	O
137,000	O
pronunciations	O
,	O
249,300	O
etymologies	O
,	O
577,000	O
cross-references	O
,	O
over	O
2,412,000	O
illustrative	O
quotations	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
again	O
accompanied	O
by	O
a	O
magnifying	O
glass	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
the	O
dictionary	O
was	O
digitized	O
and	O
online	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
also	O
available	O
to	O
be	O
published	O
on	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
2	O
(	O
1999	O
)	O
included	O
the	B-Application
Oxford	I-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
Additions	O
of	O
1993	O
and	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
that	O
this	O
version	O
will	O
work	O
on	O
operating	O
systems	O
other	O
than	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
using	O
emulation	B-Application
programs	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
14	O
March	O
2000	O
,	O
the	B-Application
Oxford	I-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
Online	O
(	O
OED	B-Application
Online	I-Application
)	O
became	O
available	O
to	O
subscribers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OED	B-Application
website	O
is	O
not	O
optimized	O
for	O
mobile	O
devices	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
developers	O
have	O
stated	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
plans	O
to	O
provide	O
an	O
API	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
interfaces	O
for	O
querying	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oxford	B-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
Second	O
edition	O
on	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
Version	O
3.1	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Oxford	B-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
Second	O
edition	O
on	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
Version	O
4.0	O
:	O
Includes	O
500,000	O
words	O
with	O
2.5	O
million	O
source	O
quotations	O
,	O
7,000	O
new	O
words	O
and	O
meanings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Includes	O
Vocabulary	O
from	O
OED	B-Application
2nd	O
Edition	O
and	O
all	O
3	O
Additions	O
volumes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Print+	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
version	O
(	O
)	O
:	O
Supports	O
Windows	O
Vista	O
and	O
Mac	O
OS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OEDs	B-Application
utility	O
and	O
renown	O
as	O
a	O
historical	O
dictionary	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
numerous	O
offspring	O
projects	O
and	O
other	O
dictionaries	O
bearing	O
the	O
Oxford	O
name	O
,	O
though	O
not	O
all	O
are	O
directly	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Shorter	O
Oxford	B-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
,	O
originally	O
started	O
in	O
1902	O
and	O
completed	O
in	O
1933	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
abridgement	O
of	O
the	O
full	O
work	O
that	O
retains	O
the	O
historical	O
focus	O
,	O
but	O
does	O
not	O
include	O
any	O
words	O
which	O
were	O
obsolete	O
before	O
1700	O
except	O
those	O
used	O
by	O
Shakespeare	B-Language
,	O
Milton	O
,	O
Spenser	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
King	O
James	O
Bible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
primary	O
source	O
is	O
the	B-Application
Oxford	I-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
nominally	O
an	O
abridgement	O
of	O
the	O
Concise	O
Oxford	O
Dictionary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
also	O
aiming	O
to	O
cover	O
current	O
English	O
,	O
NODE	O
was	O
not	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
NODE	O
was	O
published	O
,	O
a	O
similarly	O
brand-new	O
edition	O
of	O
the	O
Concise	O
Oxford	O
Dictionary	O
followed	O
,	O
this	O
time	O
based	O
on	O
an	O
abridgement	O
of	O
NODE	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
;	O
NODE	O
(	O
under	O
the	O
new	O
title	O
of	O
the	O
Oxford	O
Dictionary	O
of	O
English	O
,	O
or	O
ODE	O
)	O
continues	O
to	O
be	O
principal	O
source	O
for	O
Oxford	O
's	O
product	O
line	O
of	O
current-English	O
dictionaries	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
New	O
Oxford	O
American	O
Dictionary	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
now	O
only	O
serving	O
as	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
scholarly	O
historical	O
dictionaries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OED	B-Application
lists	O
British	O
headword	O
spellings	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
labour	O
,	O
centre	O
)	O
with	O
variants	O
following	O
(	O
labor	O
,	O
center	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
British	O
prime	O
minister	O
Stanley	O
Baldwin	O
described	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
as	O
a	O
"	O
national	O
treasure	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tim	O
Bray	O
,	O
co-creator	O
of	O
Extensible	B-Protocol
Markup	I-Protocol
Language	I-Protocol
(	O
XML	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
credits	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
as	O
the	O
developing	O
inspiration	O
of	O
that	O
markup	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OED	B-Application
,	O
as	O
a	O
commercial	O
product	O
,	O
has	O
always	O
had	O
to	O
steer	O
a	O
line	O
between	O
scholarship	O
and	O
marketing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
his	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
1982	O
supplement	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
Oxford	O
linguist	O
Roy	O
Harris	O
writes	O
that	O
criticizing	O
the	O
OED	B-Application
is	O
extremely	O
difficult	O
because	O
"	O
one	O
is	O
dealing	O
not	O
just	O
with	O
a	O
dictionary	O
but	O
with	O
a	O
national	O
institution	O
"	O
,	O
one	O
that	O
"	O
has	O
become	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
English	O
monarchy	O
,	O
virtually	O
immune	O
from	O
criticism	O
in	O
principle	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
writes	O
that	O
the	O
OEDs	B-Application
"[b]lack-and-white	O
lexicography	O
is	O
also	O
black-and-white	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
takes	O
upon	O
itself	O
to	O
pronounce	O
authoritatively	O
on	O
the	O
rights	O
and	O
wrongs	O
of	O
usage	O
"	O
,	O
faulting	O
the	O
dictionary	O
's	O
prescriptive	O
rather	O
than	O
descriptive	O
usage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OEDs	B-Application
claims	O
of	O
authority	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
questioned	O
by	O
linguists	O
such	O
as	O
Pius	O
ten	O
Hacken	O
,	O
who	O
notes	O
that	O
the	O
dictionary	O
actively	O
strives	O
toward	O
definitiveness	O
and	O
authority	O
but	O
can	O
only	O
achieve	O
those	O
goals	O
in	O
a	O
limited	O
sense	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
difficulties	O
of	O
defining	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
what	O
it	O
includes	O
.	O
</s>
