<s>
An	O
oversampled	B-Algorithm
binary	I-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
is	O
an	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
with	O
non-linear	O
response	O
capabilities	O
reminiscent	O
of	O
traditional	O
photographic	O
film	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
response	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
is	O
non-linear	O
and	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
logarithmic	O
function	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
the	O
sensor	O
suitable	O
for	O
high	O
dynamic	O
range	O
imaging	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
digital	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
,	O
photography	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
part	O
of	O
its	O
history	O
,	O
used	O
film	O
to	O
record	O
light	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
oversampled	B-Algorithm
binary	I-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
is	O
reminiscent	O
of	O
photographic	O
film	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
corresponding	O
pixel	O
sizes	O
(	O
around	O
50	O
~	O
nm	O
)	O
are	O
far	O
below	O
the	O
diffraction	O
limit	O
of	O
light	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
the	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
is	O
oversampling	O
the	O
optical	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
light	O
field	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Building	O
a	O
binary	O
sensor	O
that	O
emulates	O
the	O
photographic	O
film	O
process	O
was	O
first	O
envisioned	O
by	O
Fossum	O
,	O
who	O
coined	O
the	O
name	O
digital	O
film	O
sensor	O
(	O
now	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
a	O
quanta	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
the	O
lowpass	B-Algorithm
(	O
smoothing	O
)	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
PSF	O
,	O
the	O
resulting	O
has	O
a	O
finite	O
spatial-resolution	O
,	O
i.e.	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
finite	O
number	O
of	O
degrees	O
of	O
freedom	O
per	O
unit	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
photosensitive	O
device	O
,	O
each	O
pixel	O
in	O
the	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
converts	O
photons	O
to	O
electrical	O
signals	O
,	O
whose	O
amplitude	O
is	O
proportional	O
to	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
photons	O
impinging	O
on	O
that	O
pixel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
oversampled	B-Algorithm
binary	I-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
dynamic	O
range	O
is	O
not	O
defined	O
for	O
a	O
single	O
pixel	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
pixels	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
the	O
dynamic	O
range	O
high	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
challenges	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
oversampled	B-Algorithm
binary	I-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
reconstruction	O
of	O
the	O
light	O
intensity	O
from	O
the	O
binary	O
measurement	O
.	O
</s>
