<s>
An	O
osmoreceptor	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
sensory	B-Architecture
receptor	I-Architecture
primarily	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
hypothalamus	O
of	O
most	O
homeothermic	O
organisms	O
that	O
detects	O
changes	O
in	O
osmotic	O
pressure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Osmoreceptors	B-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
several	O
structures	O
,	O
including	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
circumventricular	O
organs	O
–	O
the	O
vascular	O
organ	O
of	O
the	O
lamina	O
terminalis	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
subfornical	O
organ	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Osmoreceptors	B-Algorithm
are	O
also	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
kidneys	O
where	O
they	O
also	O
modulate	O
osmolality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Osmoreceptors	B-Algorithm
are	O
located	O
in	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
circumventricular	O
organs	O
—	O
the	O
vascular	O
organ	O
of	O
lamina	O
terminalis	O
(	O
VOLT	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
subfornical	O
organ	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
osmoreceptors	B-Algorithm
have	O
a	O
defined	O
functionality	O
as	O
neurons	O
that	O
are	O
endowed	O
with	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
detect	O
extracellular	O
fluid	O
osmolarity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Osmoreceptors	B-Algorithm
have	O
aquaporin	O
4	O
proteins	O
spanning	O
through	O
their	O
plasma	O
membranes	O
in	O
which	O
water	O
can	O
diffuse	O
,	O
from	O
an	O
area	O
of	O
high	O
to	O
low	O
water	O
concentration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
causes	O
initial	O
depolarisation	O
of	O
the	O
osmoreceptor	B-Algorithm
and	O
activates	O
voltage-gated	O
sodium	O
channel	O
,	O
which	O
through	O
a	O
complex	O
conformational	O
change	O
,	O
allows	O
more	O
sodium	O
ions	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
neuron	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
further	O
depolarisation	O
and	O
an	O
action	B-Algorithm
potential	I-Algorithm
to	O
be	O
generated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
action	B-Algorithm
potential	I-Algorithm
travels	O
along	O
the	O
axon	O
of	O
the	O
neuron	O
,	O
and	O
causes	O
the	O
opening	O
of	O
voltage-dependent	O
calcium	O
channels	O
in	O
the	O
axon	O
terminal	O
.	O
</s>
