<s>
The	O
Orion-128	B-Device
(	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
DIY	O
computer	O
designed	O
in	O
Soviet	O
Union	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Orion-128	B-Device
used	O
the	O
same	O
concepts	O
as	O
the	O
Specialist	B-Device
and	O
had	O
similar	O
specifications	O
,	O
with	O
both	O
advances	O
and	O
flaws	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Much	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
for	O
the	O
Orion-128	B-Device
was	O
ported	O
by	O
hobbyists	O
from	O
the	O
Specialist	B-Device
and	O
the	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
CPU	B-Device
:	O
KR580VM80A	O
(	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
8080A	I-General_Concept
clone	O
)	O
clocked	O
at	O
2.5MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAM	B-Architecture
:	O
128	O
KiB	O
in	O
original	O
version	O
,	O
expandable	O
to	O
256	O
KiB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
bank	B-General_Concept
switching	I-General_Concept
scheme	O
was	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Video	O
:	O
three	O
graphics	O
modes	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
image	B-Algorithm
resolution	I-Algorithm
384×256	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Images	O
for	O
the	O
upper	O
case	O
Cyrillic	O
and	O
Latin	O
characters	O
in	O
KOI-7	O
N2	O
encoding	O
are	O
built	O
in	O
the	O
Monitor	B-General_Concept
ROM	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Storage	O
media	O
:	O
cassette	B-Device
tape	I-Device
,	O
ROM	B-Device
drive	O
(	O
a	O
special	O
board	O
containing	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
ROM	B-Device
chips	I-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Keyboard	B-Device
:	O
67	O
keys	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Orion	O
"	O
is	O
partially	O
compatible	O
with	O
"	O
Radio-86RK	O
"	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
keyboard	B-Device
,	O
standard	O
ROM	B-Device
subroutines	O
and	O
data	O
storage	O
format	O
on	O
the	O
cassette	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
another	O
amateur	O
radio	O
computer	O
,	O
"	O
Specialist	B-Device
"	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
graphic	O
screen	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apparently	O
,	O
he	O
also	O
used	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
an	O
electronic	O
disk	O
from	O
RAM	B-Architecture
from	O
another	O
domestic	O
computer	O
with	O
128	O
kb	O
RAM	B-Architecture
-	O
Okean-240	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
minimum	O
configuration	O
(	O
without	O
color	O
,	O
with	O
64	O
kb	O
RAM	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
ORION	O
contains	O
only	O
42	O
microcircuits	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
standard	O
configuration	O
(	O
128	O
kb	O
)	O
there	O
are	O
only	O
59	O
,	O
and	O
expensive	O
or	O
scarce	O
components	O
are	O
not	O
used	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
use	O
obsolete	O
series	O
microcircuits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
same	O
reasons	O
,	O
the	O
KR580VM80A	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
CPU	B-Device
,	O
as	O
the	O
cheapest	O
and	O
most	O
affordable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
idea	O
of	O
transparent	O
access	O
to	O
RAM	B-Architecture
is	O
implemented	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
previously	O
applied	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
Specialist	B-Device
"	O
and	O
its	O
clones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Orion	O
"	O
has	O
high	O
graphics	O
capabilities	O
for	O
this	O
class	O
of	O
machines	O
-	O
a	O
resolution	O
of	O
384x256	O
allows	O
good	O
graphics	O
in	O
games	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
resolution	O
is	O
still	O
insufficient	O
for	O
text	O
processing	O
;	O
a	O
full-fledged	O
color	O
mode	O
is	O
provided	O
with	O
its	O
own	O
color	O
for	O
each	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
(	O
analogous	O
to	O
CGA	B-Device
,	O
only	O
with	O
a	O
different	O
organization	O
)	O
,	O
4	O
colors	O
selected	O
from	O
two	O
palettes	O
and	O
visually	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
colors	O
can	O
be	O
increased	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
mosaic	O
of	O
colored	O
dots	O
,	O
as	O
is	O
done	O
in	O
CGA	B-Device
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
simplified	O
and	O
accelerated	O
the	O
display	O
of	O
graphics	O
on	O
the	O
screen	O
(	O
a	O
similar	O
screen	O
organization	O
is	O
also	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
Specialist	B-Device
"	O
,	O
"	O
Vector	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
Ocean	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
text	O
in	O
a	O
single-color	O
window	O
,	O
this	O
speeds	O
up	O
output	O
and	O
shifting	O
,	O
as	O
before	O
output	O
,	O
the	O
window	O
is	O
first	O
painted	O
over	O
,	O
which	O
halves	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
output	O
bytes	O
per	O
character	O
(	O
relative	O
to	O
CGA	B-Device
)	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
video	O
in	O
the	O
window	O
,	O
the	O
color	O
simply	O
does	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
changed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
you	O
to	O
output	O
to	O
a	O
currently	O
invisible	O
screen	O
and	O
then	O
instantly	O
turn	O
it	O
on	O
,	O
which	O
eliminates	O
the	O
problems	O
with	O
flickering	O
sprites	O
in	O
dynamic	O
games	O
and	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
this	O
due	O
to	O
interruptions	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
ZX-Spectrum	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
Orion-128	B-Device
,	O
its	O
developers	O
initially	O
created	O
the	O
author	O
's	O
ORDOS	O
operating	O
system	O
,	O
designed	O
to	O
work	O
not	O
with	O
a	O
disk	O
drive	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
a	O
ROM	B-Device
disk	O
(	O
external	O
ROM	B-Device
readable	O
through	O
PPA	O
)	O
,	O
RAM	B-Architecture
disks	O
(	O
the	O
second	O
and	O
subsequent	O
60	O
-	O
kilobyte	O
pages	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
)	O
and	O
a	O
tape	O
recorder	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ORDOS	O
made	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
work	O
comfortably	O
with	O
a	O
computer	O
without	O
having	O
disk	O
drives	O
that	O
were	O
not	O
available	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
(	O
the	O
Okean-240	O
,	O
a	O
small-scale	O
production	O
of	O
Okean-240	O
,	O
also	O
had	O
a	O
similar	O
built-in	O
ROM	B-Device
OS	O
CP	O
/	O
M	O
running	O
on	O
an	O
electronic	O
disk	O
from	O
RAM	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
in	O
Corvette	O
,	O
Ocean	O
and	O
Vector	O
,	O
a	O
512	O
*	O
256	O
screen	O
is	O
used	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
even	O
with	O
a	O
lower	O
CPU	B-Device
speed	O
and	O
a	O
larger	O
screen	O
buffer	O
,	O
their	O
text	O
processing	O
is	O
much	O
faster	O
and	O
prettier	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
raster	O
occupies	O
the	O
entire	O
screen	O
(	O
while	O
in	O
"	O
Orion	O
"	O
only	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
possible	O
because	O
the	O
authors	O
understood	O
that	O
the	O
gaming	O
niche	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
was	O
already	O
occupied	O
by	O
ZX-Spectrum	B-Operating_System
clones	O
.	O
</s>
