<s>
An	O
organizational	B-Application
chart	I-Application
,	O
also	O
called	O
organigram	B-Application
,	O
organogram	B-Application
,	O
or	O
organizational	B-Application
breakdown	I-Application
structure	I-Application
(	O
OBS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
diagram	O
that	O
shows	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
an	O
organization	O
and	O
the	O
relationships	O
and	O
relative	O
ranks	O
of	O
its	O
parts	O
and	O
positions/jobs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
organization	B-Application
chart	I-Application
is	O
a	O
diagram	O
showing	O
graphically	O
the	O
relation	O
of	O
one	O
official	O
to	O
another	O
,	O
or	O
others	O
,	O
of	O
a	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
company	O
's	O
organizational	B-Application
chart	I-Application
typically	O
illustrates	O
relations	O
between	O
people	O
within	O
an	O
organization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
an	O
organization	B-Application
chart	I-Application
grows	O
too	O
large	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
split	O
into	O
smaller	O
charts	O
for	O
separate	O
departments	O
within	O
the	O
organization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
organization	B-Application
charts	I-Application
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
no	O
accepted	O
form	O
for	O
making	O
organization	B-Application
charts	I-Application
other	O
than	O
putting	O
the	O
principal	O
official	O
,	O
department	O
or	O
function	O
first	O
,	O
or	O
at	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
sheet	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
others	O
below	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
order	O
of	O
their	O
rank	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Scottish-American	O
engineer	O
Daniel	O
McCallum	O
(	O
1815	O
–	O
1878	O
)	O
is	O
credited	O
for	O
creating	O
the	O
first	O
organizational	B-Application
charts	I-Application
of	O
American	O
business	O
around	O
1854	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
organization	B-Application
chart	I-Application
"	O
came	O
into	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
twentieth	O
century	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1914	O
Brinton	O
declared	O
"	O
organization	B-Application
charts	I-Application
are	O
not	O
nearly	O
so	O
widely	O
used	O
as	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
organization	B-Application
charts	I-Application
are	O
an	O
excellent	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
division	O
of	O
a	O
total	O
into	O
its	O
components	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
examples	O
are	O
given	O
here	O
in	O
the	O
hope	O
that	O
the	O
presentation	O
of	O
organization	B-Application
charts	I-Application
in	O
convenient	O
form	O
will	O
lead	O
to	O
their	O
more	O
widespread	O
use.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
those	O
years	O
industrial	O
engineers	O
promoted	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
organization	B-Application
charts	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
1920s	O
a	O
survey	O
revealed	O
that	O
organizational	B-Application
charts	I-Application
were	O
still	O
not	O
common	O
among	O
ordinary	O
business	O
concerns	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
were	O
beginning	O
to	O
find	O
their	O
way	O
into	O
administrative	O
and	O
business	O
enterprises	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
organigram	B-Application
"	O
originated	O
in	O
the	O
1960s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
limitations	O
of	O
organizational	B-Application
charts	I-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
updated	O
manually	O
,	O
organizational	B-Application
charts	I-Application
can	O
very	O
quickly	O
become	O
out-of-date	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
large	O
organizations	O
that	O
change	O
their	O
staff	O
regularly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
an	O
organigraph	B-Application
may	O
be	O
more	O
appropriate	O
,	O
particularly	O
if	O
one	O
wants	O
to	O
show	O
non-linear	O
,	O
non-hierarchical	O
relationships	O
in	O
an	O
organization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
example	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
shows	O
a	O
simple	O
hierarchical	O
organizational	B-Application
chart	I-Application
.	O
</s>
