<s>
Orange	O
is	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
data	B-Application
visualization	I-Application
,	O
machine	O
learning	O
and	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
toolkit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
features	O
a	O
visual	B-Language
programming	I-Language
front-end	O
for	O
explorative	O
qualitative	O
data	B-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
and	O
interactive	O
data	B-Application
visualization	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Orange	O
is	O
a	O
component-based	O
visual	B-Language
programming	I-Language
software	O
package	O
for	O
data	B-Application
visualization	I-Application
,	O
machine	O
learning	O
,	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
,	O
and	O
data	B-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
and	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
modeling	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Visual	B-Language
programming	I-Language
is	O
implemented	O
through	O
an	O
interface	B-Application
in	O
which	O
workflows	O
are	O
created	O
by	O
linking	O
predefined	O
or	O
user-designed	O
widgets	O
,	O
while	O
advanced	O
users	O
can	O
use	O
Orange	O
as	O
a	O
Python	B-Language
library	O
for	O
data	O
manipulation	O
and	O
widget	B-Application
alteration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Orange	O
is	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
package	O
released	O
under	O
GPL	B-License
and	O
hosted	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versions	O
up	O
to	O
3.0	O
include	O
core	O
components	O
in	O
C++	B-Language
with	O
wrappers	O
in	O
Python	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
version	O
3.0	O
onwards	O
,	O
Orange	O
uses	O
common	O
Python	B-Language
open-source	B-Application
libraries	O
for	O
scientific	O
computing	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
numpy	B-Application
,	O
scipy	B-Application
and	O
scikit-learn	B-Application
,	O
while	O
its	O
graphical	O
user	O
interface	B-Application
operates	O
within	O
the	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
Qt	B-Language
framework	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
default	O
installation	O
includes	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
machine	O
learning	O
,	O
preprocessing	O
and	O
data	B-Application
visualization	I-Application
algorithms	O
in	O
6	O
widget	B-Application
sets	O
(	O
data	O
,	O
transform	O
,	O
visualize	O
,	O
model	O
,	O
evaluate	O
and	O
unsupervised	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additional	O
functionalities	O
are	O
available	O
as	O
add-ons	O
(	O
text-mining	B-Algorithm
,	O
image	O
analytics	O
,	O
bioinformatics	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Orange	O
is	O
supported	O
on	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
installed	O
from	O
the	O
Python	B-Language
Package	I-Language
Index	I-Language
repository	O
(	O
pip	O
install	O
Orange3	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Orange	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
canvas	O
interface	B-Application
onto	O
which	O
the	O
user	O
places	O
widgets	O
and	O
creates	O
a	O
data	B-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
workflow	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Visualize	O
:	O
widgets	O
for	O
common	O
visualization	B-Application
(	O
box	O
plot	O
,	O
histograms	O
,	O
scatter	O
plot	O
)	O
and	O
multivariate	O
visualization	B-Application
(	O
mosaic	O
display	O
,	O
sieve	O
diagram	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unsupervised	O
:	O
unsupervised	B-General_Concept
learning	I-General_Concept
algorithms	O
for	O
clustering	B-Algorithm
(	O
k-means	B-Algorithm
,	O
hierarchical	O
clustering	B-Algorithm
)	O
and	O
data	O
projection	O
techniques	O
(	O
multidimensional	O
scaling	O
,	O
principal	O
component	O
analysis	O
,	O
correspondence	O
analysis	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Associate	O
:	O
components	O
for	O
mining	O
frequent	O
itemsets	O
and	O
association	B-Algorithm
rule	I-Algorithm
learning	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-General_Concept
fusion	I-General_Concept
:	O
components	O
for	O
fusing	B-General_Concept
different	I-General_Concept
data	I-General_Concept
sets	I-General_Concept
,	O
collective	O
matrix	O
factorization	O
,	O
and	O
exploration	O
of	O
latent	O
factors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Educational	O
:	O
components	O
for	O
teaching	O
machine	O
learning	O
concepts	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
k-means	B-Algorithm
clustering	I-Algorithm
,	O
polynomial	O
regression	O
,	O
stochastic	B-Algorithm
gradient	I-Algorithm
descent	I-Algorithm
,	O
...	O
</s>
<s>
Geo	O
:	O
components	O
for	O
working	O
with	O
geospatial	B-General_Concept
data	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
:	O
components	O
for	O
natural	B-Language
language	I-Language
processing	I-Language
and	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Time	O
series	O
:	O
widget	B-Application
components	O
for	O
time	O
series	O
analysis	O
and	O
modeling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spectroscopy	O
:	O
components	O
for	O
analyzing	O
and	O
visualization	B-Application
of	O
(	O
hyper	O
)	O
spectral	O
datasets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Survival	O
analysis	O
:	O
add-on	O
for	O
data	B-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
dealing	O
with	O
survival	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
program	O
provides	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
experiment	O
selection	O
,	O
recommendation	B-Application
systems	I-Application
,	O
and	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
modelling	I-General_Concept
and	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
biomedicine	O
,	O
bioinformatics	O
,	O
genomic	O
research	O
,	O
and	O
teaching	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
education	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
teaching	O
machine	O
learning	O
and	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
methods	O
to	O
students	O
of	O
biology	O
,	O
biomedicine	O
,	O
and	O
informatics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
projects	O
build	O
on	O
Orange	O
either	O
by	O
extending	O
the	O
core	O
components	O
with	O
add-ons	O
or	O
using	O
only	O
the	O
Orange	O
Canvas	O
to	O
exploit	O
the	O
implemented	O
visual	B-Language
programming	I-Language
features	O
and	O
GUI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1996	O
,	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Ljubljana	O
and	O
Jožef	O
Stefan	O
Institute	O
started	O
development	O
of	O
ML*	O
,	O
a	O
machine	O
learning	O
framework	O
in	O
C++	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1997	O
,	O
Python	B-Language
bindings	O
were	O
developed	O
for	O
ML*	O
,	O
which	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
emerging	O
Python	B-Language
modules	O
,	O
formed	O
a	O
joint	O
framework	O
called	O
Orange	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
following	O
years	O
,	O
most	O
major	O
algorithms	O
for	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
and	O
machine	O
learning	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
in	O
C++	B-Language
(	O
Orange	O
's	O
core	O
)	O
or	O
Python	B-Language
modules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2002	O
,	O
first	O
prototypes	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
flexible	O
graphical	O
user	O
interface	B-Application
were	O
designed	O
using	O
Pmw	B-Application
Python	I-Application
megawidgets	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
graphical	O
user	O
interface	B-Application
was	O
redesigned	O
and	O
re-developed	O
for	O
Qt	B-Language
framework	I-Language
using	O
PyQt	B-Language
Python	B-Language
bindings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
visual	B-Language
programming	I-Language
framework	O
was	O
defined	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
widgets	O
(	O
graphical	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
data	B-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
pipeline	O
)	O
began	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
extensions	O
for	O
data	B-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
in	O
bioinformatics	O
was	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
,	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
DMG	O
and	O
Fink-based	O
installation	O
packages	O
were	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
a	O
significant	O
redesign	O
of	O
the	O
graphical	O
user	O
interface	B-Application
included	O
a	O
new	O
toolbox	O
and	O
depiction	O
of	O
workflows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Orange	O
stores	O
the	O
data	O
in	O
the	O
NumPy	B-Application
arrays	O
;	O
machine	O
learning	O
algorithms	O
mostly	O
use	O
scikit-learn	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
development	O
and	O
release	O
of	O
add-on	O
for	O
single-cell	O
data	B-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
was	O
started	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2022	O
World	O
Happiness	O
,	O
an	O
add-on	O
for	O
the	O
Orange3	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
suite	O
,	O
is	O
introduced	O
.	O
</s>
