<s>
Oracle	B-Application
Spatial	I-Application
and	I-Application
Graph	I-Application
,	O
formerly	O
Oracle	B-Application
Spatial	I-Application
,	O
is	O
a	O
free	O
option	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
Database	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
spatial	O
features	O
in	O
Oracle	B-Application
Spatial	I-Application
and	I-Application
Graph	I-Application
aid	O
users	O
in	O
managing	O
geographic	O
and	O
location-data	O
in	O
a	O
native	O
type	O
within	O
an	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
database	I-General_Concept
,	O
potentially	O
supporting	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
applications	O
—	O
from	O
automated	O
mapping	O
,	O
facilities	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
geographic	B-Application
information	I-Application
systems	I-Application
(	O
AM/FM/GIS	B-Application
)	O
,	O
to	O
wireless	O
location	O
services	O
and	O
location-enabled	O
e-business	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
graph	O
features	O
in	O
Oracle	B-Application
Spatial	I-Application
and	I-Application
Graph	I-Application
include	O
Oracle	B-Application
Network	O
Data	B-Application
Model	I-Application
(	O
NDM	O
)	O
graphs	O
used	O
in	O
traditional	O
network	O
applications	O
in	O
major	O
transportation	O
,	O
telcos	O
,	O
utilities	O
and	O
energy	O
organizations	O
and	O
RDF	O
semantic	O
graphs	O
used	O
in	O
social	O
networks	O
and	O
social	O
interactions	O
and	O
in	O
linking	O
disparate	O
data	O
sets	O
to	O
address	O
requirements	O
from	O
the	O
research	O
,	O
health	O
sciences	O
,	O
finance	O
,	O
media	O
and	O
intelligence	O
communities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
geospatial	O
feature	O
of	O
Oracle	B-Application
Spatial	I-Application
and	I-Application
Graph	I-Application
provides	O
a	O
SQL	B-Language
schema	B-Application
and	O
functions	O
that	O
facilitate	O
the	O
storage	O
,	O
retrieval	O
,	O
update	O
,	O
and	O
query	O
of	O
collections	O
of	O
spatial	O
features	O
in	O
an	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
database	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Oracle	B-Application
Spatial	I-Application
geospatial	O
data	O
features	O
consist	O
of	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Network	O
Data	B-Application
Model	I-Application
feature	O
is	O
a	O
property	O
graph	O
model	O
used	O
to	O
model	O
and	O
analyze	O
physical	O
and	O
logical	O
networks	O
used	O
in	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
transportation	O
,	O
logistics	O
,	O
and	O
utilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
data	B-Application
model	I-Application
for	O
representing	O
capabilities	O
or	O
objects	O
(	O
modeled	O
as	O
nodes	O
and	O
links	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
network	O
with	O
a	O
PL/SQL	O
API	O
for	O
managing	O
network	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
User-determined	O
link	O
and	O
node	B-Protocol
properties	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
costs	O
and	O
restrictions	O
,	O
including	O
temporal	O
properties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provides	O
RDF	O
data	O
management	O
,	O
querying	O
and	O
inferencing	O
that	O
are	O
commonly	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
applications	O
ranging	O
from	O
semantic	O
data	B-General_Concept
integration	I-General_Concept
to	O
social	O
network	O
analysis	O
and	O
linked	O
open	O
data	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proven	O
scalability	O
to	O
over	O
54	O
billion	O
triples	O
(	O
LUBM	O
200K	O
benchmark	O
)	O
with	O
scalability	O
to	O
the	O
8	O
petabyte	O
limit	O
of	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
Database	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
High	O
performance	O
bulk	O
loading	O
with	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
Database	I-General_Concept
parallel	O
and	O
direct	O
path	O
loading	O
and	O
loading	O
through	O
Jena	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SPARQL	B-Language
and	O
SQL	B-Language
parallel	O
querying	O
and	O
updating	O
of	O
RDF	O
graphs	O
with	O
SPARQL	B-Language
1.1	O
,	O
SPARQL	B-Language
endpoint	I-Language
web	O
services	O
,	O
SPARQL/Update	O
,	O
Java	O
APIs	O
with	O
open	O
source	O
Apache	O
Jena	O
&	O
Sesame	O
,	O
SQL	B-Language
queries	O
with	O
embedded	O
SPARQL	B-Language
graph	O
patterns	O
,	O
SQL	B-Language
insert/update	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ontology-assisted	O
querying	O
of	O
table	O
data	O
using	O
SQL	B-Language
operators	O
to	O
expand	O
SQL	B-Language
relational	O
queries	O
with	O
related	O
terms	O
for	O
more	O
comprehensive	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Native	O
inferencing	O
with	O
parallel	O
,	O
incremental	O
and	O
secure	O
operation	O
for	O
scalable	O
reasoning	O
with	O
RDFS	O
,	O
Web	B-Language
Ontology	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
OWL	B-Language
2	I-Language
RL/EL	O
)	O
,	O
Simple	O
Knowledge	O
Organization	O
System	O
(	O
SKOS	O
)	O
,	O
user-defined	O
rules	O
,	O
user-defined	O
inference	O
extensions	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
extensibility	O
framework	O
to	O
plug-in	O
special	O
purpose	O
reasoners	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
PelletDB	O
,	O
TrOWL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Triple-level	O
security	O
that	O
meets	O
the	O
most	O
stringent	O
security	O
requirements	O
with	O
Oracle	B-Application
Label	O
Security	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integration	O
with	O
XML-based	O
tools	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Oracle	B-Application
Business	O
Intelligence	O
Enterprise	O
Edition	O
(	O
OBIEE	O
)	O
for	O
reporting	O
and	O
dashboards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integration	O
with	O
Network	O
Data	B-Application
Model	I-Application
graph	O
analytics	O
for	O
shortest	O
path	O
,	O
nearest	O
neighbors	O
,	O
within	O
cost	O
,	O
and	O
reachability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integration	O
with	O
Oracle	B-Application
Advanced	O
Analytics	O
features	O
:	O
Oracle	B-Application
Data	O
Mining	O
for	O
exploiting	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
and	O
pattern	O
discovery	O
and	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
R	I-General_Concept
Enterprise	I-General_Concept
for	O
statistical	O
computing	O
and	O
charting	O
visualization	O
of	O
graph	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Semantic	O
indexing	O
for	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
and	O
entity	O
analytics	O
integrated	O
with	O
popular	O
natural	O
language	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oracle	B-Application
Spatial	I-Application
and	I-Application
Graph	I-Application
is	O
an	O
option	O
for	O
Oracle	B-Application
Enterprise	O
Edition	O
,	O
and	O
must	O
be	O
licensed	O
separately	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
included	O
in	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
Database	I-General_Concept
Cloud	O
Service	O
(	O
High	O
Performance	O
Edition	O
and	O
Extreme	O
Performance	O
Edition	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
not	O
included	O
in	O
Oracle	B-Application
Standard	O
Edition	O
or	O
Oracle	B-Application
Standard	O
Edition	O
One	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
latter	O
two	O
editions	O
allow	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
spatial	O
features	O
(	O
called	O
Oracle	B-Application
Locator	O
)	O
at	O
no	O
extra	O
cost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
appendix	O
of	O
the	O
Oracle	B-Application
Spatial	I-Application
and	I-Application
Graph	I-Application
Developer	O
's	O
Guide	O
specifies	O
the	O
functions	O
allowed	O
in	O
Locator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
RDBMS	I-General_Concept
first	O
incorporated	O
spatial-data	O
capability	O
with	O
a	O
modification	O
to	O
Oracle	B-Application
4	O
made	O
by	O
scientists	O
working	O
with	O
the	O
Canadian	O
Hydrographic	O
Service	O
(	O
CHS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
joint	O
development	O
team	O
of	O
CHS	O
and	O
Oracle	B-Application
personnel	O
subsequently	O
redesigned	O
the	O
Oracle	B-Application
kernel	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
Spatial	O
Data	O
Option	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
SDO	O
"	O
for	O
Oracle	B-Application
7	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
The	O
SDO_	O
prefix	O
continues	O
in	O
use	O
within	O
Oracle	B-Application
Spatial	I-Application
implementations	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
spatial	O
indexing	O
system	O
for	O
SDO	O
involved	O
an	O
adaptation	O
of	O
Riemannian	O
hypercube	B-Operating_System
data-structures	O
,	O
invoking	O
a	O
helical	B-Application
spiral	O
through	O
3-dimensional	O
space	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
n-size	O
of	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
helical	B-Application
hyperspatial	O
code	O
"	O
,	O
or	O
HHCode	O
,	O
as	O
developed	O
by	O
CHS	O
and	O
implemented	O
by	O
Oracle	B-Application
Spatial	I-Application
,	O
comprises	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
space-filling	B-Algorithm
curve	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
Oracle	B-Application
8	O
,	O
Oracle	B-Application
Corporation	I-Application
marketing	O
dubbed	O
the	O
spatial	O
extension	O
simply	O
"	O
Oracle	B-Application
Spatial	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
spatial	O
indexing	O
system	O
no	O
longer	O
uses	O
the	O
HHCode	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
standard	O
r-tree	B-Library
index	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
July	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
option	O
has	O
been	O
named	O
Oracle	B-Application
Spatial	I-Application
and	I-Application
Graph	I-Application
to	O
highlight	O
the	O
graph	B-Application
database	I-Application
capabilities	O
in	O
the	O
product	O
-	O
Network	O
Data	B-Application
Model	I-Application
graph	O
introduced	O
with	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
Database	I-General_Concept
10g	O
Release	O
1	O
and	O
RDF	O
Semantic	O
Graph	O
introduced	O
with	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
Database	I-General_Concept
10g	O
Release	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
