<s>
Oracle	B-Application
Rdb	I-Application
is	O
a	O
relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
for	O
the	O
OpenVMS	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
originally	O
released	O
by	O
Digital	O
Equipment	O
Corporation	O
(	O
DEC	O
)	O
in	O
1984	O
as	O
VAX	B-Device
Rdb/VMS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rdb	O
was	O
a	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
VAX	B-Device
Information	O
Architecture	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
interoperate	O
with	O
other	O
Digital	O
database	O
tools	O
and	O
application	O
frameworks	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Application	O
Control	O
Management	O
System	O
,	O
Datatrieve	B-Application
and	O
the	O
Common	O
Data	O
Dictionary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
originally	O
provided	O
a	O
proprietary	O
query	O
interface	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
Relational	O
Data	O
Operator	O
(	O
RDO	O
)	O
,	O
but	O
later	O
gained	O
support	O
for	O
ANSI	O
SQL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1994	O
DEC	O
sold	O
the	O
Rdb	O
division	O
to	O
Oracle	B-Application
Corporation	I-Application
where	O
it	O
was	O
rebranded	O
Oracle	B-Application
Rdb	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2020	O
,	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
is	O
still	O
actively	O
developing	O
Rdb	O
,	O
with	O
over	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
codebase	O
developed	O
under	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
's	O
ownership	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
7.0	O
ran	O
on	O
OpenVMS	B-Operating_System
for	O
VAX	B-Device
and	O
Alpha	B-Device
,	O
version	O
7.1	O
on	O
Alpha	B-Device
only	O
,	O
and	O
versions	O
7.2	O
to	O
7.4	O
on	O
Alpha	B-Device
and	O
IA-64	B-General_Concept
(	O
Itanium	B-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rdb	O
featured	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
cost-based	B-Language
optimizers	I-Language
,	O
and	O
after	O
acquisition	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
introduced	O
a	O
cost-based	O
optimizer	O
in	O
its	O
regular	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
RDBMS	I-General_Concept
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
22	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
announced	O
it	O
had	O
decided	O
to	O
end	O
all	O
software	O
development	O
on	O
the	O
Itanium	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
that	O
Oracle	B-Application
Rdb	I-Application
7.3	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
last	O
major	O
version	O
released	O
by	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
filed	O
by	O
HP	O
against	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
,	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
was	O
ordered	O
to	O
continue	O
porting	O
its	O
software	O
to	O
Itanium	B-General_Concept
computers	O
for	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
HP	O
(	O
now	O
Hewlett-Packard	O
Enterprise	O
)	O
sells	O
Itanium	B-General_Concept
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
the	O
announcement	O
that	O
7.3	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
last	O
major	O
release	O
,	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
released	O
version	O
7.4.1.0	O
of	O
Rdb	O
in	O
August	O
2020	O
for	O
OpenVMS	B-Operating_System
on	O
both	O
Alpha	B-Device
and	O
Itanium	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2020	O
,	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
announced	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
porting	O
Rdb	O
7.4	O
to	O
the	O
x86-64	B-Device
port	O
of	O
OpenVMS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interactive	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
Oracle	B-Application
Rdb	I-Application
can	O
be	O
by	O
SQL	B-Language
(	O
Structured	B-Language
Query	I-Language
Language	I-Language
)	O
,	O
RDO	O
(	O
Relational	O
Database	O
Operator	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
both	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
High	O
level	O
languages	O
usually	O
access	O
Oracle-Rdb	O
by	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
placing	O
the	O
SQL	B-Language
statements	O
in	O
a	O
file	O
external	O
to	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
;	O
this	O
separate	O
file	O
is	O
converted	O
to	O
object	O
code	O
by	O
the	O
"	O
SQL	B-Language
Module	O
Language	O
"	O
compiler	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
then	O
references	O
these	O
SQL	B-Language
statements	O
and	O
,	O
after	O
compilation	O
,	O
the	O
two	O
are	O
joined	O
by	O
the	O
OpenVMS	B-Operating_System
linker	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
variation	O
of	O
example	O
3	O
allows	O
"	O
Dynamic	O
SQL	B-Language
"	O
to	O
be	O
created	O
in	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
used	O
to	O
communicate	O
with	O
Rdb	O
via	O
a	O
structure	O
known	O
as	O
SQLDA	O
(	O
SQL	B-Language
Descriptor	O
Area	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
OpenVMS	B-Operating_System
systems	O
,	O
Oracle	B-Application
Rdb	I-Application
is	O
a	O
popular	O
(	O
although	O
expensive	O
)	O
upgrade	O
path	O
for	O
applications	O
written	O
using	O
Record	B-Application
Management	I-Application
Services	I-Application
(	O
RMS	O
)	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
KODA	O
kernel	O
is	O
shared	O
with	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
's	O
CODASYL	B-Language
DBMS	O
(	O
originally	O
known	O
as	O
VAX	B-Device
DBMS	O
)	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
network	B-General_Concept
model	I-General_Concept
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VAX	B-Device
Rdb/ELN	O
was	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
Digital	O
's	O
relational	O
database	O
for	O
the	O
VAXELN	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
sharing	O
the	O
Rdb	O
name	O
,	O
and	O
being	O
announced	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
Rdb/ELN	O
was	O
not	O
based	O
on	O
Rdb/VMS	O
,	O
or	O
vice	O
versa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rdb/ELN	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
Jim	O
Starkey	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
commercially	O
available	O
database	O
to	O
use	O
Multiversion	B-Operating_System
concurrency	I-Operating_System
control	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ports	O
of	O
Rdb	O
previously	O
existed	O
or	O
were	O
planned	O
for	O
Tru64	B-Operating_System
and	O
Microsoft	B-Device
Windows	I-Device
NT	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Demand	O
for	O
the	O
Tru64	B-Operating_System
version	O
was	O
so	O
low	O
that	O
support	O
was	O
dropped	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
port	O
was	O
never	O
released	O
as	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
could	O
not	O
obtain	O
support	O
on	O
the	O
BLISS	B-Language
compiler	O
necessary	O
for	O
this	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
port	O
Rdb	O
to	O
these	O
platforms	O
,	O
an	O
abstraction	O
layer	O
named	O
the	O
Common	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
Interface	O
(	O
COSI	O
)	O
was	O
implemented	O
to	O
isolate	O
the	O
database	O
from	O
the	O
underlying	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Digital	O
provided	O
a	O
relational	O
database	O
for	O
their	O
Ultrix	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
named	O
ULTRIX/SQL	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
Ingres	B-Application
instead	O
of	O
Rdb	O
.	O
</s>
