<s>
Oracle	B-Operating_System
Grid	I-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
,	O
previously	O
known	O
as	O
Sun	B-Operating_System
Grid	I-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
(	O
SGE	O
)	O
,	O
CODINE	O
(	O
Computing	O
in	O
Distributed	O
Networked	O
Environments	O
)	O
or	O
GRD	O
(	O
Global	O
Resource	O
Director	O
)	O
,	O
was	O
a	O
grid	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
computer	B-Architecture
cluster	I-Architecture
software	O
system	O
(	O
otherwise	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
batch-queuing	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
acquired	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
purchase	O
of	O
Gridware	O
,	O
then	O
improved	O
and	O
supported	O
by	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
and	O
later	O
Oracle	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
have	O
been	O
open	O
source	O
versions	O
and	O
multiple	O
commercial	O
versions	O
of	O
this	O
technology	O
,	O
initially	O
from	O
Sun	O
,	O
later	O
from	O
Oracle	B-Application
and	O
then	O
from	O
Univa	B-General_Concept
Corporation	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
22	O
,	O
2013	O
Univa	B-General_Concept
announced	O
it	O
acquired	O
the	O
intellectual	O
property	O
and	O
trademarks	O
for	O
the	O
Grid	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
technology	O
and	O
that	O
Univa	B-General_Concept
will	O
take	O
over	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Univa	B-General_Concept
has	O
since	O
evolved	O
the	O
Grid	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
technology	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
improving	O
scalability	O
as	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
a	O
1	O
million	O
core	O
cluster	B-Architecture
in	O
Amazon	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Services	I-Application
(	O
AWS	B-Application
)	O
announced	O
on	O
June	O
24	O
,	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
Grid	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
open-source	O
project	O
website	O
closed	O
in	O
2010	O
,	O
but	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
technology	O
are	O
still	O
available	O
under	O
its	O
original	O
Sun	B-License
Industry	I-License
Standards	I-License
Source	I-License
License	I-License
(	O
SISSL	B-License
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Those	O
projects	O
were	O
forked	B-Application
from	O
the	O
original	O
project	O
code	O
and	O
are	O
known	O
as	O
Son	B-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
Grid	I-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
,	O
Open	O
Grid	O
Scheduler	O
and	O
Univa	B-Operating_System
Grid	I-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Grid	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
is	O
typically	O
used	O
on	O
a	O
computer	O
farm	O
or	O
high-performance	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
(	O
HPC	O
)	O
cluster	B-Architecture
and	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
accepting	O
,	O
scheduling	O
,	O
dispatching	O
,	O
and	O
managing	O
the	O
remote	O
and	O
distributed	O
execution	O
of	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
standalone	O
,	O
parallel	O
or	O
interactive	O
user	O
jobs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
manages	O
and	O
schedules	O
the	O
allocation	O
of	O
distributed	O
resources	O
such	O
as	O
processors	O
,	O
memory	O
,	O
disk	O
space	O
,	O
and	O
software	B-License
licenses	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Grid	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
used	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
foundation	O
of	O
the	O
Sun	B-General_Concept
Grid	I-General_Concept
utility	B-Operating_System
computing	I-Operating_System
system	O
,	O
made	O
available	O
over	O
the	O
Internet	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
in	O
2006	O
,	O
later	O
becoming	O
available	O
in	O
many	O
other	O
countries	O
and	O
having	O
been	O
an	O
early	O
version	O
of	O
a	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
facility	O
predating	O
AWS	B-Application
,	O
for	O
instance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
that	O
year	O
,	O
Sun	O
offered	O
a	O
free	O
version	O
of	O
Gridware	O
for	O
Solaris	O
and	O
Linux	O
,	O
and	O
renamed	O
the	O
product	O
Sun	B-Operating_System
Grid	I-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
purchase	O
of	O
Sun	O
by	O
Oracle	B-Application
,	O
the	O
Grid	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
6.2	O
update	O
6	O
source	O
code	O
was	O
not	O
included	O
with	O
the	O
binaries	O
,	O
and	O
changes	O
were	O
not	O
put	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
source	O
repository	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
to	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
Grid	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
community	O
started	O
the	O
Open	O
Grid	O
Scheduler	O
project	O
to	O
continue	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
maintain	O
a	O
free	O
implementation	O
of	O
Grid	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
18	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
Univa	B-General_Concept
had	O
recruited	O
several	O
principal	O
engineers	O
from	O
the	O
former	O
Sun	B-Operating_System
Grid	I-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
team	O
and	O
that	O
Univa	B-General_Concept
would	O
be	O
developing	O
their	O
own	O
forked	B-Application
version	O
of	O
Grid	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
newly	O
announced	O
Univa	B-Operating_System
Grid	I-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
did	O
include	O
commercial	O
support	O
and	O
would	O
compete	O
with	O
the	O
official	O
version	O
of	O
Oracle	B-Operating_System
Grid	I-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Oct	O
22	O
,	O
2013	O
Univa	B-General_Concept
has	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
acquired	O
the	O
intellectual	O
property	O
and	O
trademarks	O
pertaining	O
to	O
the	O
Grid	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
technology	O
and	O
that	O
Univa	B-General_Concept
will	O
take	O
over	O
support	O
for	O
Oracle	B-Operating_System
Grid	I-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
customers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2020	O
,	O
Altair	O
Engineering	O
,	O
a	O
global	O
technology	O
company	O
providing	O
solutions	O
in	O
data	O
analytics	O
,	O
product	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
high-performance	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
(	O
HPC	O
)	O
acquired	O
Univa	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
typical	O
Grid	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
cluster	B-Architecture
consists	O
of	O
a	O
master	O
host	O
and	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
execution	O
hosts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiple	O
shadow	O
masters	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
configured	O
as	O
hot	B-General_Concept
spares	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
take	O
over	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
master	O
when	O
the	O
original	O
master	O
host	O
crashes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Univa	B-General_Concept
is	O
providing	O
commercial	O
support	O
and	O
training	O
for	O
Univa	B-Operating_System
Grid	I-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
and	O
Oracle	B-Operating_System
Grid	I-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
for	O
the	O
commercial	O
version	O
of	O
Grid	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
on	O
most	O
UNIX	B-Application
platforms	O
and	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sun	O
partners	O
with	O
Georgetown	O
University	O
to	O
deliver	O
Grid	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
administration	O
classes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
obtained	O
community	O
support	O
on	O
the	O
Grid	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
mailing	O
lists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Grid	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
Workshops	O
were	O
held	O
in	O
2002	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
2007	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
and	O
2012	O
in	O
Regensburg	O
,	O
Germany	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
Grid	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
active	O
free	O
fork	B-Application
of	O
Sge	O
with	O
"	O
some	O
"	O
further	O
modifications	O
,	O
Michigan	O
Neuroscience	O
Institute	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
Michigan	O
(	O
2021	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Son	B-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
Grid	I-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
inactive	O
free	O
fork	B-Application
of	O
Sge	O
with	O
some	O
enhancements	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
Liverpool	O
,	O
default	O
Uubuntu/CentOS/RHEL	O
gridengine	B-Operating_System
package	O
(	O
2021	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
