<s>
Oracle	B-Application
Designer	I-Application
was	O
Oracle	B-Application
's	O
CASE	B-Application
tool	O
for	O
designing	O
an	O
information	O
system	O
and	O
generating	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
generating	O
the	O
information	O
system	O
one	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
edit	O
the	O
generated	O
code	O
with	O
Oracle	B-Application
Developer	I-Application
Suite	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alternative	O
modeling	O
and	O
design	O
tools	O
are	O
Oracle	B-Language
JDeveloper	I-Language
and	O
Oracle	B-Application
SQL	O
Developer	O
Data	O
Modeler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
product	O
's	O
original	O
name	O
was	O
Oracle	B-Application
CASE	B-Application
and	O
it	O
was	O
developed	O
in	O
England	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oracle	B-Application
CASE	B-Application
was	O
based	O
on	O
Oracle	B-Application
corporations	I-Application
"	O
Computer	B-Application
Aided	I-Application
Software	I-Application
Engineering	I-Application
"	O
method	O
(	O
CASE	B-Application
Method	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CASE	B-Application
Method	O
was	O
in	O
turn	O
developed	O
by	O
Oracle	B-Application
Consulting	O
UK	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
based	O
on	O
modelling	O
techniques	O
such	O
as	O
Richard	O
Barker	O
et	O
al	O
's	O
Entity	B-Architecture
Relationship	I-Architecture
Modelling	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eventually	O
the	O
product	O
would	O
be	O
known	O
as	O
Oracle	B-Application
Designer	I-Application
,	O
with	O
a	O
complementary	O
product	O
Oracle	B-Application
Developer	O
(	O
although	O
in	O
practice	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
Oracle	B-Application
Designer/Developer	O
was	O
most	O
commonly	O
used	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oracle	B-Application
became	O
the	O
dominant	O
database	O
and	O
enterprise	O
application	O
vendor	O
in	O
the	O
1990s	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
Oracle	B-Application
Designer/Developer	O
was	O
used	O
by	O
many	O
enterprises	O
from	O
the	O
mid	O
1990s	O
to	O
the	O
mid	O
2000s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
product	O
called	O
SQL	O
Data	O
Dictionary	O
(	O
SDD	O
)	O
was	O
a	O
precursor	O
to	O
Oracle	B-Application
CASE	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oracle	B-Application
CASE	B-Application
was	O
initially	O
used	O
by	O
Oracle	B-Application
Consulting	O
UK	O
's	O
quality	O
management	O
team	O
and	O
later	O
became	O
the	O
de	O
facto	O
standard	O
for	O
Oracle	B-Application
Custom	O
Development	O
(	O
Custom	O
development	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
packaged	O
application	O
software	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oracle	B-Application
CASE	B-Application
Method	O
later	O
became	O
known	O
as	O
Oracle	B-Application
Custom	O
Development	O
Method	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
similar	O
approach	O
for	O
customisations	O
of	O
Oracle	B-Application
's	O
Application	O
Suite	O
called	O
Oracle	B-Application
Application	O
Development	O
Method	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oracle	B-Application
sold	O
their	O
Designer	O
and	O
Developer	O
product	O
's	O
to	O
enterprises	O
and	O
consulting	O
groups	O
,	O
who	O
in	O
turn	O
created	O
thousands	O
of	O
systems	O
that	O
are	O
still	O
in	O
place	O
as	O
of	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
design	O
philosophy	O
behind	O
Oracle	B-Application
Designer	I-Application
and	O
competing	O
tools	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
and	O
1990s	O
was	O
the	O
Three-schema-architecture	O
that	O
separated	O
an	O
external	O
schema	O
,	O
logical	O
schema	O
and	O
internal	O
schema	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
Oracle	B-Application
's	O
product	O
line	O
,	O
the	O
internal	O
schema	O
corresponded	O
to	O
the	O
inner	O
workings	O
of	O
their	O
relational	O
database	O
,	O
the	O
logical	O
schema	O
corresponded	O
to	O
SQL	O
and	O
the	O
external	O
schema	O
corresponded	O
to	O
screens	O
and	O
reports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oracle	B-Application
Designer	I-Application
was	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
well	O
thought	O
out	O
set	O
of	O
concepts	O
that	O
suited	O
the	O
types	O
of	O
systems	O
being	O
developed	O
from	O
the	O
1980s	O
to	O
the	O
mid	O
2000s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
terms	O
of	O
skills	O
,	O
software	O
designers	O
were	O
expected	O
to	O
think	O
out	O
database	O
structures	O
in	O
entity	B-Architecture
relationship	I-Architecture
models	I-Architecture
and	O
functional	O
decomposition	O
models	O
,	O
then	O
transform	O
those	O
models	O
into	O
database	O
definitions	O
and	O
modules	O
(	O
the	O
screens	O
and	O
reports	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Entity	B-Architecture
Relationship	I-Architecture
Model	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
illustrate	O
the	O
difference	O
with	O
the	O
above	O
;	O
where	O
an	O
entity	B-Architecture
relationship	I-Architecture
model	I-Architecture
would	O
show	O
a	O
relationship	O
between	O
two	O
entities	O
,	O
the	O
Database	O
design	O
would	O
include	O
additional	O
columns	O
for	O
a	O
foreign	O
key	O
,	O
the	O
foreign	O
key	O
constraint	O
and	O
an	O
index	O
over	O
the	O
foreign	O
key	O
columns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
of	O
these	O
could	O
be	O
generated	O
from	O
the	O
entity	B-Architecture
relationship	I-Architecture
model	I-Architecture
,	O
ensuring	O
consistent	O
naming	O
and	O
traceability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
names	O
of	O
tables	O
and	O
columns	O
in	O
many	O
Oracle	B-Application
production	O
databases	O
in	O
use	O
today	O
are	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Oracle	B-Application
Designer	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
tool	O
allowed	O
specification	O
of	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
internals	O
of	O
the	O
Oracle	B-Application
database	O
such	O
as	O
tablespaces	O
and	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
function	O
decomposition	O
model	O
,	O
where	O
each	O
function	O
contains	O
a	O
description	O
and	O
a	O
CRUD	O
matrix	O
against	O
the	O
Entity	B-Architecture
Relationship	I-Architecture
model	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mostly	O
used	O
for	O
screens	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
code	O
generation	O
for	O
Oracle	B-Application
(	O
Developer	O
)	O
Forms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
consisted	O
mostly	O
of	O
Oracle	B-Application
Forms	I-Application
,	O
Oracle	B-Application
Reports	I-Application
,	O
Stored	O
procedures	O
for	O
the	O
Oracle	B-Application
Database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
code	O
was	O
not	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
Oracle	B-Application
Designer	I-Application
Repository	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
later	O
versions	O
developers	O
were	O
encouraged	O
to	O
add	O
code	O
to	O
the	O
repository	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
merged	O
during	O
code-generation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
client-server	O
architecture	O
of	O
Oracle	B-Application
's	O
Developer	O
product	O
was	O
typical	O
of	O
the	O
1990s	O
;	O
PC	O
computers	O
running	O
Oracle	B-Application
Forms	I-Application
and	O
Reports	O
that	O
communicated	O
with	O
an	O
Oracle	B-Application
Database	O
over	O
a	O
network	O
protocol	O
called	O
SQL*NET	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oracle	B-Application
Designer	I-Application
was	O
initially	O
based	O
around	O
a	O
database	O
that	O
held	O
design	O
models	O
,	O
called	O
a	O
repository	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
confused	O
with	O
a	O
modern	O
GIT	O
repository	O
(	O
A	O
dictionary	O
definition	O
of	O
a	O
repository	O
is	O
a	O
safe	O
central	O
place	O
where	O
things	O
are	O
stored	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
the	O
Oracle	B-Application
Designer	I-Application
Repository	O
included	O
models	O
and	O
code	O
,	O
but	O
always	O
stored	O
in	O
an	O
Oracle	B-Application
Database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
tools	O
that	O
made	O
up	O
Oracle	B-Application
Designer	I-Application
each	O
had	O
their	O
view	O
on	O
the	O
repository	O
,	O
with	O
which	O
to	O
create	O
and	O
edit	O
models	O
,	O
generate	O
more	O
detailed	O
models	O
,	O
generate	O
code	O
or	O
inspect	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
a	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
example	O
is	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
a	O
database	O
definition	O
from	O
an	O
entity	B-Architecture
relationship	I-Architecture
model	I-Architecture
,	O
which	O
eventually	O
would	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
table	O
creation	O
scripts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
users	O
of	O
Oracle	B-Application
Designer	I-Application
tended	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
modelling	O
and	O
generating	O
the	O
database	O
structures	O
and	O
often	O
neglected	O
the	O
function	O
model	O
and	O
modules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
the	O
Oracle	B-Application
Designer	I-Application
user	O
interface	O
was	O
developed	O
using	O
Oracle	B-Application
Forms	I-Application
and	O
Oracle	B-Application
Reports	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
graphical	O
user	O
interfaces	O
became	O
easily	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
Windows	O
3.1	O
and	O
Windows	O
95	O
operating	O
systems	O
in	O
the	O
mid	O
1990s	O
,	O
a	O
stopgap	O
version	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
Forms	O
4.0	O
but	O
quickly	O
shelved	O
and	O
redeveloped	O
in	O
C++	B-Language
as	O
a	O
Windows	O
only	O
program	O
with	O
sophisticated	O
diagramming	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
time	O
Oracle	B-Application
Designer	I-Application
became	O
obsolete	O
it	O
encompassed	O
code	O
generation	O
of	O
Oracle	B-Application
Forms	I-Application
,	O
Oracle	B-Application
Reports	I-Application
,	O
Database	O
triggers	O
,	O
Stored	O
Database	O
Procedures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Three	O
trends	O
made	O
the	O
Oracle	B-Application
Developer	O
tools	O
obsolete	O
and	O
Oracle	B-Application
Designer	I-Application
with	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
architecture	O
of	O
Oracle	B-Application
Developer	O
was	O
not	O
well	O
suited	O
to	O
the	O
needs	O
and	O
technologies	O
of	O
the	O
internet	O
because	O
it	O
would	O
have	O
required	O
users	O
on	O
the	O
internet	O
to	O
install	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
application	O
and	O
then	O
directly	O
connect	O
to	O
a	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
later	O
versions	O
of	O
Oracle	B-Application
Developer	O
included	O
an	O
application	O
server	B-Application
,	O
it	O
required	O
a	O
java	O
based	O
plug-in	O
to	O
be	O
installed	O
in	O
the	O
users-browser	O
which	O
placed	O
high	O
demands	O
on	O
end-users	O
browsers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eventually	O
enterprises	O
moved	O
to	O
other	O
development	O
tools	O
which	O
supported	O
HTTP/HTML	O
form	O
based	O
transactions	O
,	O
removing	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
associated	O
Oracle	B-Application
Designer	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internet	O
technologies	O
such	O
as	O
HTTP	O
,	O
SOAP	O
and	O
Web-services	O
became	O
industry	O
standards	O
for	O
data-exchange	O
,	O
but	O
Oracle	B-Application
Developer	O
's	O
architecture	O
made	O
it	O
hard	O
to	O
activate	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
application	O
from	O
an	O
external	O
source	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oracle	B-Application
Developer	O
was	O
intended	O
for	O
,	O
and	O
very	O
good	O
at	O
administrative	O
applications	O
that	O
are	O
used	O
for	O
data	O
entry	O
by	O
enterprise	O
employees	O
.	O
</s>
