<s>
Opportunistic	B-General_Concept
mesh	I-General_Concept
(	O
OPM	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
networking	I-General_Concept
technology	O
that	O
aims	O
to	O
provide	O
reliable	O
and	O
cost-effective	O
wireless	O
bandwidth	O
when	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
networking	O
infrastructure	O
of	O
large-scale	O
wireless	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OPM	O
technology	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
cognitive	B-Architecture
networking	I-Architecture
principles	O
that	O
are	O
advanced	O
from	O
traditional	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
networking	I-General_Concept
by	O
the	O
opportunistic	O
utilization	O
of	O
both	O
spectrum	O
bandwidth	O
and	O
mesh	O
station/radio	O
availability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Traditional	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
networking	I-General_Concept
assumes	O
that	O
those	O
resources	O
can	O
be	O
predetermined	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
protocol	O
stacks	O
from	O
wire-line	O
networks	O
can	O
be	O
re-used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
traditional	O
stack	O
,	O
the	O
MAC	O
(	O
Media	B-Protocol
Access	I-Protocol
Control	I-Protocol
)	O
layer	O
allocates	O
spectrum	O
resources	O
to	O
wireless	O
links	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
network	B-Application
layer	I-Application
sets	O
up	O
a	O
network	B-Protocol
routing	I-Protocol
path	I-Protocol
from	O
source	O
to	O
destination	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
overall	O
network	O
topology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
random	O
station/radio	O
availability	O
is	O
also	O
often	O
encountered	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
dynamic	O
traffic	O
load	O
(	O
congestion	B-Protocol
)	O
and	O
other	O
factors	O
such	O
as	O
radio	O
failure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
adopting	O
the	O
cross-layer	B-Protocol
architecture	O
that	O
merges	O
network	B-Protocol
routing	I-Protocol
into	O
wireless	O
link	O
and	O
RF	O
design	O
,	O
the	O
OPM	O
technology	O
can	O
create	O
a	O
dynamic	O
(	O
fluid	O
)	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
network	I-General_Concept
without	O
predetermined	O
topology	O
and	O
spectrum	O
allocation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
multi-hop	B-General_Concept
wireless	O
communications	O
,	O
every	O
packet	O
takes	O
opportunistically	O
available	O
paths	O
and	O
spectrum	O
in	O
the	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
network	I-General_Concept
on	O
each	O
hop	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Testing	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
OPM	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
networks	I-General_Concept
can	O
achieve	O
5	O
–	O
10	O
times	O
higher	O
throughput	O
(	O
bandwidth	O
)	O
in	O
multi-hop	B-General_Concept
wireless	O
communications	O
and	O
interference	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
promoters	O
and	O
supporters	O
of	O
OPM	O
claim	O
that	O
the	O
technology	O
may	O
make	O
wireless	O
communications	O
ultimately	O
scalable	O
and	O
affordable	O
;	O
and	O
once	O
it	O
potentially	O
becomes	O
ubiquitous	O
,	O
the	O
commercial	O
impact	O
could	O
be	O
big	O
as	O
comparable	O
to	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
what	O
packet-switched	B-Protocol
network	I-Protocol
technology	O
(	O
Internet	O
)	O
has	O
brought	O
to	O
personal	O
communications	O
;	O
2	O
)	O
what	O
mobile	O
communication	O
technology	O
(	O
cellular	O
)	O
has	O
brought	O
to	O
telephony	O
.	O
</s>
